Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS4418

Incident date

February 6, 2020

Location

بلدات متعددة, Several Towns, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

On February 6th, 2020, several towns were reported bombed by airstrikes, with four reported dead and one woman injured.

Shaam Network reported that, “Russian and Assad warplanes launched dozens of airstrikes, accompanied by fierce artillery and missile shelling that targeted the areas of clashes, cities, towns, villages of Azaz, Huritan, Kafr Hamrah, Andan, Maarat Al-Ateeq, Kafr Alepp, Greater Awarm, Babis, Kafr Basin, Kafr Dael, Al-Rashideen Association, Khan Al-Asal, and Bashnata, which resulted in the fall of 4 martyrs in Urm Al Kubra. One lady in Hayyan, and many wounded, in the rest of the targeted areas.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4451

Incident date

February 15, 2020

Location

قرب دار عزة,, Near Dar Ezza, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that one civilian was killed and up to ten others were injured during Russian airstrikes in the village of Patron, near Darat Azza, Aleppo, on February 15th 2020.

According to the White Helmets, “one person was killed and 10 others were wounded, as a result of four air strikes, that targeted civilian homes near the city of Darat Azza in the western countryside of Aleppo.” The source did not identify who carried out the strikes.

The Shaam News Network also reported “one martyr near Dar Ezza”, blaming “very violent [Russian] air strikes…heavy artillery and missile shelling”.

Baladi News reported that their correspondent in Aleppo said, “the Russian warplanes bombed, with four air raids, high-explosive missiles and vaccuum bombs, civilian homes near the city of Darat Izza in the western countryside of Aleppo, which led to the death of a civilian and the wounding of ten others.”

A local source, @annaser50 tweeted that the shelling was as a result of “long-range ballistic missiles by the Russian warship in the Mediterranean,” which is different from other reports of an aerial bombardment.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Unknown

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The White Helmets attend the scene of an airstrike near Dar Ezza, Feb 15th (via White Helmets)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Unknown

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4240

Incident date

February 24, 2020

Location

كفرنوران, Kafar Nuran, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, “Subhi Abdul Jabbar al Selea, from Taftanaz town in the northern suburbs of Idlib governorate, died on February 24th, due to wounds sustained earlier as Syrian- Russian alliance fixed- wing warplanes fired missiles on Kafr Noran village in the western suburbs of Aleppo governorate.”

No further details are available today.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4508

Incident date

July 3, 2020

Location

قرية القاهرة, Al Qahera Village, Hama, Syria

Airwars assessment

On July 3 2020, multiple sources report that a civilian named Fahd Suleiman Al-Basis was killed while picking fruit in the fields outside of Al Kahera by artillery shelling. While the vast majority of sources state that the shelling was carried out by the Assad regime, two state that the strikes were the result of “Russian militias.”

For this reason, the strike is categorised as “contested” despite the fact that there was a substantial consensus among sources that the shelling came from regime forces, with several pinpointing regime forces in the area of Jorin and Shatah as the source of the shelling.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Fahd Suleiman Al-Basis فهد سليمان بسيس
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (24) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (24) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4530

Incident date

November 4, 2020

Location

أريحا, Ariha, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to four civilians, including one child, and up toaround 12 others, including one child and four women were injured as a result of alleged artillery shelling by Syrian Regime and/or Russian forces on the city of Ariha, south of Idlib on the morning of November 4th 2020 according to local sources and news agencies.

Step news agency, Edlib media center and other few sources mentioned that three civilians were killed by the artillery shelling on Ariha that morning. The Director of the Media Office in the Southern Directorate of Civil Defense, Muhammad Hammadi, told Enab Baladi, that “three civilians were killed, including a girl, as a result of targeting civilian homes and main roads in the city of Ariha with 35 heavy artillery shells in the morning.” However the majority of the sources including Syrian Civil Defense, Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and Syrian Network for Human rights documented the death of four civilians including one child in the attack.

Local sources mentioned the names of four civilians who were killed: the child Rimas Hindawi from the city of Ariha who was going to her school when the attack happened, Samer Madi from the city of Ariha, young Ibrahim Al-Younes born in 1990 in Urum Al Joz who is is a psychological support worker at Ihsan Relief and Development Organization, and young Ragheed Zakariya Al-Jesri from Ariha who worked as a driver in the same organization. Al Souria platform reported that Ibrahim used to drive a motorcycle from his village of Urum Al Joz to the city of Ariha, where he would meet his colleague Ragheed and drive together with a car to their office in the center of Idlib; and according to Syrian Network for Human rights, one of the shells fired that morning fell on a car carrying the two employees in the city’s Al-Midan neighborhood and led to their death. The same source claimed also that one of the shells fell on “the schoolyard of the city’s Martyr Zakariya Saedou school, partially destroying the yard and damaging furniture in the school”, and a number of the shells fell as well on the “city’s industrial zone, partially destroying several shops” and confirmed that the “industrial zone and the school which is located within a residential area are free of any military presence or equipment.”

As for the injured, a post by “Nors For Studies” claimed that five people were injured by the attack, however Syrian civil defense reported that eight people including one child and four women were wounded. Two other sources (the journalist Hadi Alabdallah and the activist Suheil Hammoud claimed that “dozens “ were injured in this attack, and a post by AlSouria News platform mentioned that more than 10 were injured that morning. The city of Ariha that was attacked is one of the most overcrowded areas inhabited by indigenous and displaced people according to Thiqa News agency.

The majority of the sources reporting on the incident blamed the Syrian Regime for the attack including the Syrian civil Defense that claimed that the regime forces bombed the city of Ariha with “more than 35 artillery shells” that morning and the Syrian Observatory of Human Rights that mentioned that there was “an intensive rocket attack” and “the regime forces fired over 45 rockets” on the city of Ariha claiming that the attack happened while a “Turkish military column was passing by.” On the other hand, only one post by (Eye on Al-Hasakah) ( post) mentioned that the bombing was by Assad forces and Russia, and another tweet by the researcher Qusaai Jukhadar (@Qussai_jukhadar) blamed Russia for the attack. Worth noting that the Syrian Network for Human Rights mentioned as well that this bombardment was a “breach of the ceasefire agreement reached following consultations between the Turkish and Russian presidents, which came into effect on March 6, 2020.”

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Family members

The victims were named as:

Adult male driver at Ihsan Relief and Development Organization killed
Adult male killed
Adult male psychological support worker at Ihsan Relief and Development Organization killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 5
  • (1 child1 woman3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–12
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (30) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The child Rimas Hindawi was killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime artillery strikes on the city of Ariha, November 4th, 2020 (via Eye On Al Hassakah).
  • Injured civilians being brought to an ambulance after alleged Russian or Syrian regime strikes on Ariha on November 4th, 2020 (via SNHR).
  • Two employees of Ihsan Relief and Development Organization, named as Ibrahim al Younes (pictured right) and Raghid Zakariya al Jesri (left) were killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime artillery strikes on Ariha on November 4th, 2020 (via SNHR).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime strikes on Ariha on November 4th, 2020 (via Syrian Civil Defence).
  • The child Rimas Hindawi was killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime artillery strikes on the city of Ariha, November 4th, 2020 (via Eye On Al Hassakah).
  • Rimas Hindawi was reportedly killed on her way to school on November 4th 2022 by a Russian or Syrian regime artillery shelling on November 4th 2020 (Image via Al Souria)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Four people were allegedly killed when a Russian or Syrian regime artillery hit south of Idlib on November 4th 2020, including one young girl (Image via @Sharif199629 /Twitter)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Four people were allegedly killed when a Russian or Syrian regime artillery hit south of Idlib on November 4th 2020, including one young girl (Image via @Sharif199629 /Twitter)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Four people were allegedly killed when a Russian or Syrian regime artillery hit south of Idlib on November 4th 2020, including one young girl (Image via @Sharif199629 /Twitter)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 5
  • (1 child1 woman3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–12
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (30) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4307

Incident date

May 12, 2021

Location

تردين, Tardin, Lattakia, Syria

Geolocation

35.765126, 36.189891 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was killed (in this incident or in al-Kendeh)and between three and five civilians, including a child, were wounded in alleged Russian airstrikes on Tardin on May 12, 2021.

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and the Syrian Civil Defense both reported that five civilians, including a child, were injured in Russian airstrikes on al-Kendeh village in western Idlib and Tardin area in northern Latakia. However, neither source differentiated  whether the civilians were killed in which location. Zaman Al Wasl also mentioned those injured in both areas, referring to them as ” four shepherds”.

@thiqanewsagency identified “one person was killed and five others, including a girl, were injured” and did not separate whether the killed and injured were in al-Kendeh or Tardin.

@jisrtv tweeted ” 3 civilians were injured by the bombing of the Russian occupation warplanes on the outskirts of Tardin village”.

All of the sources that reported on the incident blamed Russia.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Caption translation: Five civilians, including a child, were wounded by Russian air strikes in conjunction with artillery and missile strikes by the regime forces targeting this evening, Wednesday, May 12, the vicinity of the village of Al-Kinda, west of Idlib, and the area of Tardin, north of Lattakia. (Images posted by Syrian Civil Defense)
  • Caption translation: Five civilians, including a child, were wounded by Russian air strikes in conjunction with artillery and missile strikes by the regime forces targeting this evening, Wednesday, May 12, the vicinity of the village of Al-Kinda, west of Idlib, and the area of Tardin, north of Lattakia. (Images posted by Syrian Civil Defense)
  • Caption translation: Five civilians, including a child, were wounded by Russian air strikes in conjunction with artillery and missile strikes by the regime forces targeting this evening, Wednesday, May 12, the vicinity of the village of Al-Kinda, west of Idlib, and the area of Tardin, north of Lattakia. (Images posted by Syrian Civil Defense)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tardin (تردين), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.765126, 36.189891. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4339

Incident date

July 11, 2021

Location

مرعيان, Marayan, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.74032, 36.56406 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least two civilians, a man and a child, were injured in alleged Russian or regime artillery strikes on the town of Marayan on July 11, 2021.

Syrian Civil Defense reported that “a man and his son were injured by similar shelling on the village of Mara’an”. Macro Media Center verified that the son that was injured was a child.

Baladi News identified the homes of the injured civilians in the village as being struck by artillery. Zaman Al Wasl added that “the bombing also caused widespread destruction of civilian property”.

Enab Baladi News provided information that the injuries of the civilians were varying and NPA Syria reported that the injured “were taken to medical points for treatment”.

The majority of sources attributed the strikes to the regime and Zaman Al Wasl pinpointed the “regime forces stationed in the town of Basqala” as being to blame. However, @EdlibNN identified Russia and Syrian Observatory did not identify who was responsible for the strikes but reported that  “Russian reconnaissance drones were seen flying over the southern countryside of Idlib.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Marayan (مرعيان), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.74032, 36.56406. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4371

Incident date

August 11, 2021

Location

كفر نوران, Kafr Nouran, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.079694, 36.8061947 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least one civilian was injured in alleged Russian or regime artillery and machine gun fire on the village of Kafr Nouran on August 11, 2021.

@spc_fr reported that “a civilian was injured as the #regime forces bombed the village of #Kafr Noran in the western countryside of #Aleppo with heavy machine guns”. Other sources reported that “civilians” were injured but did not specify how many.

Both shelling and machine guns were identified by various sources as being used in the attack.

@syria55s attributed the strikes to Russia and @Tb7FgaFJwxqQlKu pointed out that Russian reconnaissance planes were flying in the area. However, the other sources that reported on this incident blamed the regime for the strikes.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery, Ground operation
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Kafr Nouran (كفر نوران), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.079694, 36.8061947. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery, Ground operation
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]