Russian Military in Syria

Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

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Incident Code

RS1487

Incident date

October 20, 2016

Location

Kafr Nabil, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.6155094, 36.5471898 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilian males died and at least two more were wounded – including members of the White Helmets – in an airstrike on Kafr Nabil, according to local media – though sources were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Syrian regime.

@syriapost1 was among several sources pointing to Russia and putting the death toll at two “with several more wounded.”

However, Qasioun, the Syrian Network for Human Rights and Enabbaladi blamed the regime. The latter reported that “in the morning [Oct 20th], two members of the civil defense in the city of Kafr Nabl were injured by heavy machine guns targeting the city from warplanes”. They also mention that there was damage to a fire engine.

Rfsmediaoffice joined other sources in reporting that members of the White Helmets were wounded. The figures was put at either two or three.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mohamed Najib Zator
Adult male named by @7UFCmSxd0IUBffH killed
Ammar Ayman Altaob
Adult male named by @7UFCmSxd0IUBffH killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • A damaged vehicle in the aftermath of the alleged raid, on Kafr Nabil, Oct 20th (via ShahbaPress)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured man is treated in an ambulance by a member of the White Helmets following the strike on on Kafr Nabil, Oct 20th (via ShahbaPress)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

On 20th October 2016, the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation reported on the decisions made aimed towards stabilising the situation in Aleppo.

""Today, strikes by the Russian Aerospace Forces and the Syrian Air Force are finished at 10:00 (MSK) in the area of Aleppo. Early termination of the airstrikes is essential for holding a “humanitarian pause” on October 20, 2016”, said General of the Army Sergei Shoigu. According to him, it will allow to guarantee security of civilians leaving the city through 6 humanitarian corridors and to prepare casualty and medical evacuation from the eastern part of Aleppo.
“We apply to the leadership of countries influencing on armed formations active in the eastern part of Aleppo with a proposal to convince their leaders to stop warfare and leave the city,” stated the Minister of Defence.
According to General of the Army Sergei Shoigu, by the start of the “humanitarian pause” the Syrian troops will have been withdrawn to the distance safe for insurgents to leave the city with weapons through two special corridors: one – along the Kastello road, second – in the area of Suk al-Hai market."

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1671

Incident date

November 23, 2016

Location

‏خان شيخون‬, Khan Shikhoun, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.440813, 36.6493607 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Multiple sources reported that aerial bombardment in the city of Khan Sheikun, Idlib killed at least three civilians, including two to three children, and wounded up to seven more – though sources were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

Sources including the Syrian Network for Human Rights, Idlib News and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights put the death toll at four, hereof three of them being children.

Meanwhile, Syria News Desk reported only two out the four victims were children, adding that another five were left wounded. Smart News’ correspondent  put the death toll at three, one man and two children, adding that four more were wounded.

HomamalHassan reported the highest number of injured, putting the number at seven.

Two sources, SN4HR and The_Syrian1 named four of the victims, including two children.

Sources were conflicted as to whether the strikes were carried out by the Syrian regime or Russia. Five sources, SN4HR, Syria News Desk, Smart News, Jesrnews and Barq_News, attributed the incident to the Syrian regime while just three sources pointed to Russia. These were LCCSY, Spm-Syria and The_Syrian1. Finally, several sources did not identify a culprit, but merely referred to “aerial bombardment.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Khaled Abdel Aziz Diop
Age unknown male killed
Abdul Aziz Ali Diop
Child male killed
Mohammed Ali Diop
Child male killed

The victims were named as:

Abdullah Jihad Rahmoun
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (2–3 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Aftermath of the contested shelling of Khain Sheikhun (via Syria News Desk)
  • Footage of the aftermath of the contested shelling of Khain Sheikhun (via Syria News
  • The two childre, Abdul Aziz and Mohammed Diop, were reportedly killed by the contested airstrikes targeting Khan Sheikhoun November 23 (via SN4HR)
  • Photo showing a child injured by the contested airstrikes in the city of Khan Sheikhan, Idlib southern province, on November 23 (via SN4HR)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Khan Shikhoun (‏خان شيخون‬), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.440813, 36.6493607. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (2–3 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1933

Incident date

February 28, 2017

Location

ترملا, Tramla, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.5250124, 36.4741687 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three members of one family were killed – including a father, daughter and granddaughter – and others were wounded, following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Tramla, local media reported. All sources except Idlib Media Centre – who said the regime was responsible – attributed blame to Russia. 

According to sources, a vacuum missile struck the residential homes in the neighbourhood, killing three civilians from one family.

Graphic and distressing images published show the baby with its skull mostly destroyed, while the man is almost unrecognisable.

The incident occured during the day.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Child killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Tarmala, 28th February 2017. (via Wala Bajasir)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Mohammed Hamoud al-Kashto, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Tarmala, 28th February 2017. (via Wala Bajasir)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Mohammed Hamoud al-Kashto, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Tarmala, 28th February 2017. (via Wala Bajasir)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Tarmala, 28th February 2017. (via Wala Bajasir)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tramla (ترملا), for which the generic coordinates are:35.5250124,36.4741687. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between February 1st - 31st 2017.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4513

Incident date

July 14, 2020

Location

الدقماق, Al Dakmak, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

At least two civilians were reported injured during alleged Syrian and/or Russian artillery shelling and/or airstrikes on the towns of Al Dakmak in the Al-Ghab Plain, west of Hama on July 14th 2020.

The Syrian Civil Defence Forces of the Southern Directorate reported that two young men with injuries of varying degrees were rushed to the hospital by the SCD team to receive treatment after civilian homes were targeted with heavy artillery, while @AJA_Syria only mentioned that “civilian casualties” resulted from the artillery shelling. In a different post the SCD attributed the strike on Al Dakmak to Syrian forces.

However, sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the strike. According to @HalabToday reporters “Artillery shelling from the regime forces’ positioned in Jorin camp targeted the village of [Al Dukmak] in the western Hama countryside”, thus corroborating the SCD’s statement. However, @Ebaa News and @Albukhari attributed the strike to Russian Armed Forces. In turn, @Step_Agency and @kwater4syr said that “Russian occupation warplanes bombard the town of Kafr Aweed in the southern countryside of Idlib in conjunction with artillery shelling from the positions of the regime’s militias in Jorin camp on the village of Duqmaq in the western countryside of Hama”, thereby leaving it contested whether Russian forces were involved in the strike on Al Dakmak.

The incident allegedly took place at night based on images from the White Helmets rescuing those injured. The exact local time of the incident is unknown.

The incident occured during the night.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Translation: "The injury of two civilians, with artillery shelling by the regime forces, last night, July 14, targeting the village of Al-Duqmaq, west of Hama, and this came hours after the killing of a civilian and his child and wounding 3 other children and a woman, by missile shelling of the regime in the city of Jericho, south of Idlib" (via Syrian Civil Defence).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers treating wounded civilians in an ambulance after alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on the town of Al Dakmak, Idlib governorate, on July 14th, 2020 (via Syrian Civil Defence).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers treating wounded civilians in an ambulance after alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on the town of Al Dakmak, Idlib governorate, on July 14th, 2020 (via Southern Directorate).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers treating wounded civilians in an ambulance after alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on the town of Al Dakmak, Idlib governorate, on July 14th, 2020 (via Southern Directorate).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4439

Incident date

February 21, 2022

Location

جسر الشغور, Jisr Al Shughur, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.81425, 36.319812 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three children were injured by an unexploded ordinance belonging to Russian or regime forces on February 21, 2022.

According to Baladi News, three children were seriously injured when an unexploded ordnance from a previous bombing by regime and Russian forces exploded in the city of Jisr Al Shughur. All other sources reported similar details about the vicitims. No additional information is currently available.

Sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the original bombing, with @Almohrar1 blaming Russian forces while Syrian Civil Defense attributed the previous bombing to the regime and Russia.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Planted explosives and unexploded ordnance (UXO)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Jisr Al Shughur (جِسْرُ ٱلشُّغُورِ), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.81425, 36.319812. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Planted explosives and unexploded ordnance (UXO)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4471

Incident date

September 23, 2022

Location

تديل, Tadel village, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Five civilians were reported wounded from the same family, including two children – one critically, two women and a man, as a result of Russian or Syrian regime forces’ thermal guided missile which hit their car, as they returned from olive picking in Tadel Village in the western countryside of Aleppo on September 23rd 2022.

@anasanas84 reported on Twitter that the car was a Suzuki model and that it was hit with an “ATGM missile.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Agriculture
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • "The regime forces targeted a civilian car in the village of Tadel, west of Aleppo, with a guided missile, injuring a child with shrapnel." (Image via @Nidalhamo_1 / Twitter)
  • @SyriaCivilDefe respond to the scene after a contested Russian or Syrian regime missile hit a family car on September 23rd 2022 (Image via Twitter)

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Agriculture
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4507

Incident date

March 24, 2023

Location

الأبزمو, Al Abzimo, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

One civilian, a young man identified by sources as Ayman Mamoun Hijazi, was reportedly killed in the town of Al Abzimo, in the western countryside of Aleppo on March 24th 2023 after a contested attack as a result of Russian forces and/or Syrian regime artillery shelling hit the marketplace after midnight, according to the Syrian Civil Defense and other local sources.

Baladi reported that this attack took place during the time when residents were breaking their fast, after the first day of Ramadan.

Baladi also reported that there was material damage to shops, as well as other sources reporting that residential houses were also damaged too.

 

The incident occured in the evening.

The victims were named as:

Ayman Mamoun Hijazi
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Marketplace
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • Ayman Mamoun Hijazi, reportedly killed by artillery fire in Al Abzimo, in the western countryside of Aleppo (Image via @Ahmad__1alshble / Twitter)
  • "A person was killed and a fire broke out in the town of Al-Abzimo in the western countryside of #Aleppo, with artillery shelling by the regime forces and Russia targeting the town's market after midnight. Our teams responded and made sure that there were no other casualties in the place." (Image via @SyriaCivilDefe / Twitter)
  • "The death of the young man, "Ayman Hijazi" and another injury, as a result of artillery shelling by the regime forces on the town of Al-Abzimo in the countryside of Aleppo." (Image ia @Sy_Press_Agency / Twitter)
  • "The death of the young man, "Ayman Hijazi" and another injury, as a result of artillery shelling by the regime forces on the town of Al-Abzimo in the countryside of Aleppo." (Image ia @Sy_Press_Agency / Twitter)
  • "The death of the young man, Ayman Mamoun Hijazi, as a result of artillery shelling by pro-Assad forces on the town of Al-Abzimo in the western countryside of Aleppo" (Image via @OrientNews / Twitter)
  • Jamil al Hasan / YouTube

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Marketplace
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4541

Incident date

August 18, 2023

Location

ديرسنبل, , Deir Sinbul, Idlib , Syria

Airwars assessment

At least one woman suffered a psychological injury following alleged Russian and/or Syrian regime shelling of the village of Deir Sinbul on August 18, 2023.

The Syrian Civil Defense (@SyriaCivilDefe) reported that a woman suffered a nervous breakdown after artillery shelling reportedly carried out by the Syrian regime and Russian forces struck the village of Deir Sinbul. The civil defense volunteers inspected the locations struck by shelling to ensure no other civilians were injured and took the injured woman to the hospital. @Almohrar1also reported that a woman suffered from a psychological injury.

According to @Najdat567, the Syrian regime forces stations at the checkpoints surrounding the village shelled Deir Sunbul. However, @Almohrar1 attributed the shelling to Russian forces.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • Damage caused by alleged Syrian regime/Russian shelling of Deir Sinbul on August 18, 2023. (Image posted by @Najdat567)
  • Damage caused by alleged Syrian regime/Russian shelling of Deir Sinbul on August 18, 2023. (Image posted by @Najdat567)
    From @Najdat567 on Twitter
  • Damage caused by alleged Syrian regime/Russian shelling of Deir Sinbul on August 18, 2023. (Image posted by @Najdat567)
    From @Najdat567 on Twitter
  • Damage caused by alleged Syrian regime/Russian shelling of Deir Sinbul on August 18, 2023. (Image posted by @Najdat567)
    From @Najdat567 on Twitter
  • Civil defense volunteers respond to alleged Syrian regime/Russian shelling of Deir Sinbul on August 18, 2023. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]