Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

Belligerent
Turkish Military
Country
Iraq
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

TS483a

Incident date

January 8, 2022

Location

Qara Mogh, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Seven civilians, including two children, were injured in alleged Turkish airstrikes or drone strikes on Kobani and the surrounding villages on January 8, 2022.

According to Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, in total one civilian was killed and 12 other civilians, including women and children, were wounded in incidents across Kobani. The injuries varied in severity, with one child losing his leg and were taken to Kobani hospital for treatment.

Hawar News listed the names of five civilians injured in Qara Mogh village: Sunna Saleh Hanifi (24 years old), Qara Mogh village; Shirin Saeed Hanifi (27 years), Qara Mogh village; Karela Jalal Abdullah (36 years old), Qara Mogh village; Abdo Mustafa Hanifi (4 years old), Qara Mogh village.; Yawar Ibrahim Hanifi (1 year and 6 months), Qara Mogh village; Hamoud Matar Al-Ghafli (25 years), Qara Mogh village.

At the time of the strikes, Abdo Mustafa was reportedly playing a game and traces of blood from his wounds were seen on the game after fragments of a shell reached him. Abdo was among six members of his family who were all wounded in the bombing.

The villages that were affected by the Turkish bombing were the villages of Tal Hajib, Qarmog, Goran, Khani, Sarzuri and Koltepe, located east of Kobani on the border with Turkey.

The citizen Mustafa Hanifi from the village of Qara Mogh spoke to Hawa News correspondents, saying, “We were in our homes when the shells targeted us, and 6 people from our family were wounded, some of them seriously, as my 4-year-old son’s leg was amputated due to the Turkish bombing.” Mustafa Hanifi indicated that the shells targeted civilians indiscriminately and targeted women and children, and that the village was targeted with ten indiscriminate shells.

The General Council of the Democratic Union Party issued a written statement: “In a new test for the international community and the United Nations, the Turkish regime violated international principles and laws and targeted civilians in the center of Kobani city this morning, Saturday, with (drones) and heavy weapons, and its indiscriminate bombing resulted in martyrs and wounded civilians and extensive damage to their property.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–7
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (8) [ collapse]

  • The villages of Qere Mox, Khani, Tel Hajjab and Alishar in eastern Kobani canton on the border with Turkey were being bombed on January 8, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • The villages of Qere Mox, Khani, Tel Hajjab and Alishar in eastern Kobani canton on the border with Turkey were being bombed on January 8, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • The villages of Qere Mox, Khani, Tel Hajjab and Alishar in eastern Kobani canton on the border with Turkey were being bombed on January 8, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • Damage from alleged Turkish shelling on January 8, 2022. (Image posted by Kassioun)
  • Damage from alleged Turkish shelling on January 8, 2022. (Image posted by Kassioun)
  • One of the victims of the alleged Turkish bombing of villages around Kobani on January 8, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    the child Abdo Mustafa Hanifi, whose leg was amputated in the bombing of the city of Kobani and its villages on January 8, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–7
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS588

Incident date

February 22, 2023

Location

بويرة, Bouira, Al Hasaka, Syria

Geolocation

37.019566, 41.407089 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (via Airwars) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least one civilian was reportedly killed on February 22nd 2023 as a result of reported Turkish drone action, hitting a car on the road between Qamishli and Al-Qahtaniya, north east of Al Hasakah, Syria.

كوردستان پوست Kurdistan reported on Facebook that the civilian killed was Khalil Munji. Local sources also reported that a commander of the Internal Security Forces was injured in the same attack.

Other sources, including Al Araby reported that two people were killed, and one of them was involved in the “Taksim bombing” in Istanbul last November. Sources from the Syrian Democratic Forces told Al Araby that Khalil Munji was mentioned in the leaks published about the investigation and that he is a civilian person who trades agricultural products. It is not clear that he is linked to the “SDF” or “Workers’ Party” militias, but they confirmed he worked with a group of smugglers. After the strike, “ambulances also transported the injured from the targeted area to the hospital” but it is unclear how many people were injured.

Al Araby also reported that the car attacked was a jeep that belonged to the Syrian Democratic Forces while the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights referred to the vehicle as a “civilian car.”

Sputnik News Agency, a Russian state-run news agency quoted by SABA reported that “at least two militants from the “Qasd” forces loyal to the US army were killed by targeting a Turkish drone.” Al-Khabour Network quoted a private source who stated that two leaders of the Democratic Union Party (PYD), one of whom was leader in the Internal Security Forces, were killed and provided their names as Hussein Al-Khalil and Haval Akram, also accusing them of being involved in the Taksim bombing.

BasNews added that one of the suspects, Ammar Gerkes, confessed to the Turkish government that a person named “Khalil Munji,” residing in the Syrian city of Qamishlo, asked Gerkes to transfer Ahlam al-Bashir, who was responsible for the bombing. However, Rami Abdurrahman, who heads the Syrian Observatory said “the civilian who was killed in the strike was known to smuggle people to Turkey. The man had, however, denied accusations by Turkish authorities that he smuggled into Turkey Ahlam Albashir, a Syrian woman who is accused of carrying out the attack.”

According to ANF, the strikes occurred on a road between Qamishlo – Tirbe Spih and was near the village of Bouira, east of the city of Qamishlo.

The majority of sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes to Turkish forces. The official Anadolu Agency, Turkish state-run news, quoted security sources as saying that the Turkish intelligence managed, through an operation in northern Syria, to neutralize the mastermind behind the planning and implementation of the terrorist bombing on Istiklal Street – admitting that they carried out the strike.

The incident occured in the afternoon.

  • Khalil Munji Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    0–1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Known attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Known target
    YPG/SDF
  • Belligerents reported killed
    1–2
  • Belligerents reported injured
    0–1

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Vehicle hit by alleged Turkish drone strikes east of the city of Qamishl on February 22, 2023. (Image posted by ANF)
  • Hussein Al-Khalil and Haval Akram, killed by Turkish drone strikes on February 22, 2023. (Image posted by Al Khabour News)
  • Vehicle hit by Turkish drone strikes east of the city of Qamishl on February 22, 2023. (Image posted by Arta Radio)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the road between Qamishli (ٱلْقَامِشْلِي) and Al-Qahtaniya (ٱلْقَحْطَانِيَّة) in the vicinity of the village of Bouira (بويرة). Analysing audio-visual material from sources, we have narrowed the location down to the following exact coordinates: 37.019566, 41.407089.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Known belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    0–1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Known attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Known target
    YPG/SDF
  • Belligerents reported killed
    1–2
  • Belligerents reported injured
    0–1

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS619

Incident date

July 31, 2023

Location

قرية كالوتة, Kalota village, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

On July 31st, 2023 Turkish forces allegedly shelled several villages in the Sherawa district, injuring a child and an elderly woman in Kalota village. Both were brought to a nearby medical checkpoint. According to the news outlet NPN, at the time of reporting, their condition was unstable.

Local sources Hawar News, ANF, and multiple other sources reported that a woman and a child were injured by Turkish shelling. No other details were available about the civilian victims.

The North Press Agency pointed out that the district of Sherawa houses Kurdish IDPs from the city of Afrin, located nearby, who were displaced by Turkish forces and affiliated forces. All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the shelling to Turkish forces.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A child and an elderly woman were injured by alleged Turkish shelling of Kalota village on July 31, 2023. (Image posed by Hawar News)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS098

Incident date

January 20, 2018

Location

شيا عفرين, Shya, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.496944, 36.598333 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Afrin Now reported that “the Turkish army, based in the city of Izzaz, bombed the villages of Belonya, Malikya, Villat Qadi and Barada, resulting in the wounding of workers with light injuries.”

In a related event, the Red Crescent reported that a 45 year old civilian male it named as Ibrahem Khalil Muhammad was injured by shrapnel in the leg at Shya. It named 35 year old Ibrahem Muhammad Al Hussen as receiving a backbone injury at Sherwa. And it said 19 year old Zaem Oso was injured at Rajo.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

  • Ibrahem Khalil Muhammad 45 years old male injured
  • Ibrahem Muhammad Al Hussen 35 years old male injured
  • Zaem Oso 19 years old injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Shya (شيا عفرين), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.496944, 36.598333. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS130

Incident date

January 27, 2018

Location

جنديرس, Jindires, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.391667, 36.693056 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Kurdish Red Crescent reported that nine civilians were injured in the Jinderes area of Afrin Canton.

In a report shared with Airwars, nine injured civilians were named – listed below.

The source Rodi Sad reported that a Turkish warplane struck a mosque in Jinderes. It published images showing destruction of the building but made no mention of civilian casualties.

Efrin News also reported Turkish strikes and published pictures from the Afrin region showing “the brutal Turkish aggression on the mosque of Salah al-Din and a cemetery in the area of Jenderis”. But, again, no mention was made of civilian casualties.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

  • Feda Ali 22 years old female injured
  • Kemal Hisko 36 years old male injured
  • Dijwar Muhamad 21 years old male injured
  • Armanj Haj Muhammad 20 years old male injured
  • Sarhad Haj Ali 21 years old male injured
  • Fadakar 20 years old male injured
  • Rashed Nabe Kindi 80 years old male injured
  • Shekri Muhammad Kindi 76 years old male injured
  • Botan 21 years old male injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    9
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

  • The inside of a Mosque which was targeted by alleged Turkish airstrikes on 27th January 2018. (via Rodi Sad)
  • The inside of a Mosque which was targeted by alleged Turkish airstrikes on 27th January 2018. (via Rodi Sad)
  • The inside of a Mosque which was targeted by alleged Turkish airstrikes on 27th January 2018. (via Efrin News)
  • The inside of a Mosque which was targeted by alleged Turkish airstrikes on 27th January 2018. (via Efrin News)
  • The exterior of a Mosque which was targeted by alleged Turkish airstrikes on 27th January 2018. (via Efrin News)
  • The exterior of a Mosque which was targeted by alleged Turkish airstrikes on 27th January 2018. (via Efrin News)
  • The exterior of a Mosque which was targeted by alleged Turkish airstrikes on 27th January 2018. (via Efrin News)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Jindires, Afrin (جنديرس), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.391667, 36.693056. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    9
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS161

Incident date

February 7, 2018

Location

جنديرس, Rajo, Afrin, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.67296, 36.666364 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

In a private report, the Kurdish Red Crescent named the following one civilian was wounded in an alleged Turkish shelling of Rajo.

The type of weapon is unknown.

No further details are currently available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

  • Sheyar Ahmad Baker 35 years old injury to the ankle and stomache injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Rajo, Afrin, Aleppo (جنديرس), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.67296, 36.666364. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS193

Incident date

February 13, 2018

Location

قوطا شرقية,بلبل , Qota Sharqiya, Bulbul district, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.711111, 36.801944 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to two sources, some civilians were injured followed an alleged Turkish shelling on Qota Sharqiya, Bulbul district.

The Kurdish Red Crescent reported three civilians were injured followed an alleged Turkish shelling of Qota Sharqiya, Afrin.

The Smart News Agency also reported three wounded civilians but cited the Kurdish Red Crescent report.

One of the child victims was later named at age of two, injured in his forehead.

Please note that some of the images are also reported in TS192, Heikja, Afrin. We are unable to identify which incident they belong too. 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

  • Abdo Shieko 2 years old male injury to the forehead injured
  • Khalil Ahmad 80 years old foot injury injured
  • Zeinab Ahmad 70 years old foot injury injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured civilian in the aftermath of an alleged Turkish airstrike on Sa'arnajka, Sharan district, Afrin, 13th February 2018. (via The Kurdish Red Crescent)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured civilian in the aftermath of an alleged Turkish airstrike on Sa'arnajka, Sharan district, Afrin, 13th February 2018. (via The Kurdish Red Crescent)
  • An injured civilian in the aftermath of an alleged Turkish airstrike on Sa'arnajka, Sharan district, Afrin, 13th February 2018. (via The Kurdish Red Crescent)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Qota Sharqiya, Bulbul district, Afrin (قوطا شرقية,بلبل ), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.711111, 36.801944. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS092

Incident date

August 29, 2017

Location

عفرين, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.511389, 36.864167 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between six and 10 civilians including one or more child were wounded in an alleged Turkish shelling on Afrin, according to local media.

Rudaw said that “Rizan Haddu, a political writer, told them that the initial result of the shelling that targeted the neighborhoods of Afrin injured six civilians to varying degrees”.

Yekiti reported the same figures, saying “six civilians were wounded when four mortar shells hit the center of the city of Afrin in Syrian Kurdistan on Tuesday evening.”

Sputnik – also blaming Turkey – put the number of “seriously wounded” at 10, including a female child.

Rok added that two Turkish rockets hit Afrin, while Step referred to “Turkish artillery” injuring several civilians, including a 10-year-old boy.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded civilian following an alleged Turkish mortar attack on Afrin, Aug 29th 2017. (via Rudaw)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Afrin (عفرين), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.511389, 36.864167. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (11) [ collapse]