Civilian Casualties

Civilian Casualties

Incident Code

ISPT0905

Incident date

November 5, 2023

Location

محيط شارع الصناعة, Vicinity of Al Sinaa Street, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

Geolocation

31.509642, 34.443460 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (via Airwars) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Eight people, including three children, all from the Al Rayees family, were killed on November 5, 2023, when two alleged Israeli missiles hit their seven-story house, the Al-Safadi Building on Al-Sinaa Street.

@Hakeam_ps, a neighbour of Al Rayees family, described their own escape and forced displacement after their house was destroyed in the same strike, adding that they were now isolated without electricity. The source said “What happened could never be described, more like an earthquake, but more violent… Dust stormed the house, fragments everywhere. My mother and her grandchildren were in a state of panic and fear”.

The family members were killed across three generations: grandfather Azmi Al Rayees and his wife Enaya Al Rayees were killed alongside their son, Dr Maisara Azmi Al Rayees, and their daughters, Uraib Al Rayees and Izza Al Rayees. Izza’s three children Karim Ramez Samir Nabhan, Adam Ramez Samir Nabhan, and Sham Ramez Samir Nabhan were killed as well.

Several local sources reported that the bodies of the victims killed could not be rescued due to a lack of suitable equipment to search through the rubble of the family home. @HuDa_NaIm92 said that some neighbors were “digging with their hands under piles of stones and rubble”. Mai Mare on Facebook reported that “There is no hope of retrieving them. There is no equipment, no gasoline or diesel, no bulldozers, nothing.”  Leqa’a Al Saadi said on Facebook that Muhammad Al Rayees and Moayad Al Rayees, two brothers from the Al Rayees family who reportedly survived the attack, “tried in every possible way to search for their family and extract them from under the rubble, hoping to find them or some of them alive”.

The next day, on social media, Amr Tabaza called Palestinians in Gaza to help reach the members of Al Rayees family buried under the rubble, saying “The building is 7 floors… and no one has reached them so far.”. On November 7th, on Twitter, @Ali_Hisham added that Maisara Al Rayees had been buried under the rubble for two days and asked for help to “exhume his body to tell him goodbye one last time”. A second strike was reported in the same location just days after the incident, with additional casualties alleged. This incident will be assessed separately by Airwars.

Dr Maisara Al Rayees was described as a maternal and child health specialist and a graduate of a prestigious UK Foreign Office Chevening Scholarship through which he studied at King’s College London for his master’s degree. Mai Mare said that Maisara worked with Doctors Without Borders. The same source indicated that she had met Maisara two months ago to send him “a special invitation to meet with British Foreign Secretary Cleverly to talk to him face to face about Gaza”. Mai added: “Just last month, I contacted Maisara and asked him if they would like me to work on a video for the Chevening Scholarships as a photo story, telling the story of [him and his wife’s] love, education and work in Gaza, but today, my heart is heavy and worn out with this news.” One source described Maisara as ambitious, kind and calm; someone who loved to help people. He had recently married his partner Laura Al Hayyek, whom he met on the scholarship programme. Laura Al Hayyek, an employee of the United Nations and a graduate of the Chevening Scholarship, was reported as killed in the bombing by some sources. However through private communication, Airwars researchers have been able to confirm that she was not present when the strike occurred.

Uraib Al Rayees was described as creative. He was said to be a dentist and a painter.

A BBC article published five days after the strike reported that “The Foreign Office on Wednesday said it was “devastated” and offered condolences to the surviving family and “Chevening Alumni community” over the death of Dr Al Rayees but didn’t give any details about what happened to him, or where.” The handling of this incident reportedly led to internal complaints within the Foreign Office that the government was showing a “permissive approach” to Israel “breaching international humanitarian law””.

Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli forces.

 

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (8)

Azmi Al Rayees عزمي الريّس
Adult male killed
Enaya Al Rayees عناية الريس
Adult female killed
Uraib Al Rayees عريب الريس
Adult female killed
Izza Al Rayees عزة الريس
Adult female killed
Maisara Al Rayees ميسرة عزمي الريّس
Adult male killed
Karim Ramez Samir Nabhan كريم رامز سمير نبهان
Child male killed
Adam Ramez Samir Nabhan آدم رامز سمير نبهان
Child male killed
Sham Ramez Samir Nabhan شام رامز سمير نبهان
Child male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8
  • (3 children3 women2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (14) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @GazaShaheed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @HuDa_NaIm92
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @yazanabueid
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mai Mare
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Tahany Hedar
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Q.D
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @Ali_Hisham
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @Ali_Hisham
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @Ali_Hisham
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @Ali_Hisham
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShaymaAlWaheidi
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Geolocation notes (3) [ collapse]

Reports of the incident mention the vicinity of Al Sinaa Street (شارع الصناعة) in Gaza city (غَزَّة). Analysing audio-visual material from sources, we have narrowed the location down to the following exact coordinates: 31.509642, 34.443460.

{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","properties":{"label":"Exact Location","label-type":"black-white"},"geometry":{"coordinates":[34.44346,31.509642],"type":"Point"}},{"type":"Feature","properties":{"label":"B","label-type":"white-red","stroke":"#ff0000","stroke-width":1,"stroke-opacity":1,"fill-opacity":0},"geometry":{"coordinates":[[[34.443727791200615,31.510501857475987],[34.44352946594998,31.510292697688115],[34.443663151859965,31.510182481563206],[34.44387616786881,31.510405418589997],[34.443727791200615,31.510501857475987]]],"type":"Polygon"}},{"type":"Feature","properties":{"label":"A","label-type":"white-red","stroke":"#ff0000","stroke-width":1,"stroke-opacity":1,"fill-opacity":0},"geometry":{"coordinates":[[[34.44322215962069,31.509956539046158],[34.44312087119587,31.509844214655985],[34.44325719170635,31.509756562580733],[34.44336761893652,31.50987667836658],[34.44322215962069,31.509956539046158]]],"type":"Polygon"}},{"type":"Feature","properties":{"label":"C","label-type":"white-red","stroke":"#ff0000","stroke-width":1,"stroke-opacity":1,"fill-opacity":0},"geometry":{"coordinates":[[[34.44357126428039,31.509448555447293],[34.443516001209815,31.509395098310492],[34.44360633507509,31.50933076849445],[34.44365840989215,31.50938513172197],[34.44357126428039,31.509448555447293]]],"type":"Polygon"}}]}
  • Imagery:
    @MuathHumaid

  • Imagery:
    @MuathHumaid

  • Imagery:
    @MuathHumaid

Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8
  • (3 children3 women2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0783

Incident date

October 31, 2023

Location

مخيم جباليا, Jabalia camp, North Gaza, the Gaza Strip

Geolocation

31.532720, 34.498137 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (other) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

On October 31, 2023 confirmed Israeli strikes on the densely populated Jabalia refugee camp killed at least 126 civilians, including 69 children. A further 280 civilians were reported injured by the director of the nearby Indonesian Hospital.

A second strike hit the same location the following day, though the full casualty assessment for that incident will be reviewed separately by Airwars. Israel has confirmed that it conducted both strikes, with the stated target being Hamas leader Ibrahim Biari, and “his base”, according to IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari. Munitions experts speaking to The Guardian indicated that the IDF used so-called bunker buster munitions in the strike: 2,000lb bombs with an estimated crater size of 40ft which cause an “earthquake like” phenomenon on impact.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights raised concerns on Twitter/X that the strikes may have been “disproportionate attacks that could amount to war crimes”. Though no official civilian casualty estimate has yet been conceded by Israeli forces, IDF Spokesperson Richard Hech acknowledged that the IDF knew that civilians were present, and said that civilian harm was a “tragedy of war”.

Airwars has identified at least 116 names of civilians killed, including ten cases involving the fatality of more than one member of the same family. In three of these cases, families were reportedly killed in their entirety.

The Al Qassam brigade official page posted that seven civilian hostages taken from Israel by Hamas militants, including three holders of foreign passports, were also killed. These civilians have been included in Airwars’ upper fatality estimate only, as they have not yet been otherwise corroborated.

Numerous accounts on social media of relatives grieving over unnamed family members killed in the bombing have also been accounted for in Airwars’ civilian casualty range. When one source mentioned that a civilian and “his whole family” were reportedly killed, but the victims could not otherwise be identified, Airwars counted two civilians killed in its ranges as a minimum. In cases where sources indicated that “children” were killed without providing further information on the number of victims, Airwars counted two children killed as a minimum.

Sources also reported that “a large number” of victims were still under the rubble after the strikes, with Hamas officials, quoted by the National, reporting that 120 individuals were still missing by November 2nd. These individuals have not yet been included in the Airwars casualty toll. No reports were found to indicate that there had been prior warning of the strike.

“Apocalyptic scenes”

Footage and videos released following the strikes showed vast craters, alongside dozens of onlookers standing on the edges and people searching for survivors. Local sources have widely referred to the bombing as a “massacre”. Pictures published by local and international sources showed entire housing blocks leveled.

CNN said the survivors talked about “apocalyptic scenes in the aftermath of Tuesday’s strike”, with one eyewitness saying “it felt like the end of the world”. “Children were carrying other injured children and running, with grey dust filling the air. Bodies were hanging on the rubble, many of them unrecognizable. Some were bleeding and others were burnt,” Mohammad Al Aswad told CNN.

The Washington Post reported that “Palestinians carried away the injured and dead on blankets and mattresses”. The Guardian described “body bags piled up with horrific speed at the morgue of the nearby Indonesian hospital in Beit Lahia, and then outside the building” and added that “the wounded filled [the Indonesian Hospital] beds or were raced to Dar al-Shifa hospital in Gaza City, where medics from the Médicins Sans Frontiers aid group struggled to find space even for badly injured children”.

“Young children arrived at the hospital with deep wounds and severe burns. They came without their families,” said Mohammed Hawajreh, an MSF nurse who was quoted by the organisation in a statement condemning the attack. “Many were screaming and asking for their parents. I stayed with them until we could find a place, as the hospital was full with patients”.

Similarly, @AJA_Egypt described scenes with “rows of corpses and shrouds…Jabalia martyrs piled up in the courtyard of the Indonesian Hospital”.

One source on social media (@rdooan) said the bombing left “a hole filled with the corpses of Palestinian families”, while another source stated that “the bodies of families are crowded on top of each other”.

Rescue efforts to identify civilians in the rubble continued after the strikes, with The Guardian reporting that following the strike, “rescuers combed with their hands through surface layers of a tangled mass of concrete and steel which hours earlier had been homes in the Jabalia refugee camp in Gaza. They were searching for survivors, or the bodies of victims, which the immense force of an Israeli airstrike had left near the surface. Those trapped deeper may be entombed for months”.

Mahmoud Basal, a spokesperson for the Palestinian Civil Defense emergency services, told The Washington Post 20 buildings had been destroyed by the strikes, while Al-Arabiya wrote that the bombing “blew up an entire residential neighborhood”. One source specified that the location hit initially was the Al-Tarnis area of the camp. A number of sources qualified the bombing as a “massacre”. Journalist Anas Al Sharif described the destruction of dozens of homes in the “most populated area in the world”.

Victims identified

In many cases, victims were identified on social media by survivors, relatives or friends.

The Abu Al Qoumsan family

At least 21 members of the family of Al-Jazeera broadcast engineer Muhammad Abu Al Qoumsan were killed in Jabalia. Relative of the Abu Al Qoumsan family, Mahmoud Abu Al Qoumsan, announced on Twitter/X the deaths of his relatives, namely: the three brothers Abu Al Thib Abu Al Qoumsan (Mahmoud Abo Al Qoumsan’s father), Abu Anas Abu Al Qoumsan, Abu Firas Abu Al Qoumsan. He also announced the deaths of Abu Firas  Abu Al Qoumsan’s wife (name not provided), her two sons Wasel Abu Al Qoumsan and Mohannad Abu Al Qoumsan, and her two daughters Nabough Abu Al Qoumsan and Abrar Abu Al Qoumsan.

He also recorded the deaths of Umayya Abu Al Qoumsan (Mahmoud Abu Al Qoumsan’s sister), and of his sister-in-law, described as the wife of his big brother Thib Abu Al Qoumsan. While her name was not provided, the names of her children were: two daughters Rahaf  Abu Al Qoumsan and Layan  Abu Al Qoumsan, and three sons Abdullah  Abu Al Qoumsan, Mohammed  Abu Al Qoumsan, and Aboud  Abu Al Qoumsan.

Imam Abu Al Qoumsan (Mahmoud Abo Al Qoumsan’s sister), and her three sons Yamen, Zain and Yazeed were also reportedly killed. Um Mohammed Abu Al Qoumsan, an Abu Al Qoumsan relative, said that her sister “Jamila Yusef Abu Al-Qumsan, mother of Rami Ahjazi” was also killed in the incident. It is unclear if she is one of the wives unnamed previously.

Ra’ed Abu Al Qoumsan announced the deaths of his father, of his uncle Abu Firas, of his uncle’s wife and children – (the uncle, his wife and children have already been included above), of his sisters and their children, of his brother’s wife and her children. No names or ages were provided by this source, and it was unclear whether all of those victims have also been listed above.

One additional woman from Al Qoumsan family unit, Marwa Basil Abu Al Qoumsan was identified killed by Al-Jazeera staff on social media. It was unclear whether Marwa was an additional victim, or whether her identity matched one of the women reportedly killed but whose name had not been provided.

To avoid double counting the deaths of members of Abu Al Qoumsan family, where names were not provided by other sources, Airwars has considered these individuals were already named in the sources above in minimum estimates, though have been considered as additional family members in our maximum estimate.

The Siraj family

A man identified as Abdul Salam Siraj was reportedly killed alongside all the members of his family. Ismail Mohammad Foda posted on Facebook: “My friend Abdul Salam Siraj, his entire family was exterminated in Jabalia… his mother, his wife, his two daughters, two sisters, three brothers, and his uncle’s entire family”. Airwars has been unable to separately identify the uncle’s family, and so has counted these as at least two individuals in our minimum range.

The Khudair Ali family

Muhammad Ali announced on Twitter/X the deaths of nine of his relatives that he described as “my beloved ones, my heart and my soul, my support in my country, my cousins and my sisters, in the treacherous massacre in Jabalia camp”.

He identified the victims as Fadi Khudair Ali and his wife (name not provided), Muhammad Khudair Ali, Malak Khudair Ali (described as his cousin), Khadra Jaber Ali (his aunt), and Khadra’s children: Ahmed, Zainab and Muhammad. He also named his cousin’s sons Haidar and Kanan Al-Daour. Another source said that “Umm Fadi” was grieving her sons and daughters, all killed in the Jabaliya bombing.

The Masoud family

A friend of Omar Masoud “Al-Abeka” announced Omar’s death, alongside the deaths of his wife Donia Bashir and their four children (a son and three daughters). The source described Omar as a former prisoner who was detained for twenty years for killing an Israeli, before he got released, getting married and having children. The names of Omar’s family members were not provided by the source. Sources did not explain if Omar Masoud was imprisoned for being a member of a militant group, and also did not state if Masoud was a member of a militant group at the time of his death.

The Abu Sultan family

Nine members were reportedly killed from the Abu Sultan family, which one source said was killed in its entirety.

Omar Mustafa Abu Sultan and his wife Sahar Abu Sultan (Al-Hoor), and their five children (four sons and one daughter) Mahmoud Omar Abu Sultan, Ahmed Omar Abu Sultan, Muhammad Omar Abu Sultan, Abdullah Omar Abu Sultan, and their daughter named Shahd Omar Abu Sultan. Ahmed Omar Abu Sultan’s wife, and his daughter were also reportedly killed (though names were not provided by the source). On the deaths of the Abu Sultan family, on Facebook, Suhil Yahya posted: There are no relatives or loved ones left, they are all gone”.

The Hamad Family

Medhat Khalil and two other sources reported the death of Kamal Hamad “Abu Diaa” and his son (unnamed) in the Jabalia bombing.

The Al-Tanani family

Two children from the Al-Tanani family were reported killed by one source, namely Ahmed Salah Dhiyab Al-Tanani and Mahmoud Muhammad Dhiyab Al-Tanani. Their age was not provided by the source.

The Okasha family

At least 26 members of the Okasha family were reported killed in the strikes. This includes husband and wife Rawand Okasha Umm Kinan and Belal Okasha, alongside their three children, as reported by their relatives Mohammad Okasha and Abood Okasha. The children’s uncle Ziad Okasha Abu Iyad and his wife Manal Okasha “Al-Najjar” were also reported killed alongside their son Youssef Ziad Okasha and sons of their late uncle Naeem Abu Raed.

Another cousin, Raed Okasha, his children, and his wife, their cousin Muhammad Okasha and his three children Rakan, Amid, and Masa were also listed among the fatalities, alongside their cousin Yasser Okasha, his children and his wife, their cousin Nael Okasha, his children and his wife Islam Muhammad Al-Kafarna Okasha. A video posted on Facebook by Mohammed Okasha showed Yasser Okasha in combat gear wearing weapons, suggesting he may have been a militant. 

A post from Mona Sahle added additional names and offered her condolences to her cousin Nasser Okasha Abu Muhammad for the loss of Nasser’s daughter, her husband, and their children. Muhammad Okasha and his three children are survived by their wife and mother Samah Abu Saltah who was born in the Balata camp, and moved between Gaza and Nablus. Mohammed Okasha added the names Thaer Naeem Okasha and his family, and Muhammad Fayez Al-Zwaidi.

The Alyan family

Jehad Al Sharawi posted a memorial to her uncle Muhammad, uncle Hussein, and the Alyan family for the loss of: Youssef Muhammad Alyan, Mahmoud Jabr Alyan, Karim Majid Alyan. Ziad Alyan also posted a memorial for his brother Mahmoud Jabr Alyan.

The Omrain family

Faraj Abo Mohammed announced five deaths from Abu Al-Omrain family : Ahmed Akram Abu Al-Omrain, Reem Muhammad Al-Firi (Abu Al-Amrain), Muhammad’s wife, and of three children: Rital Youssef Abu Al-Amrain, Abdul Karim Youssef Abu Al-Amrain and Zaher Ramadan Abu Al-Amrain.

The Rayyan family

Reuters published a video of a Jabaliya resident, identified as Abdel Kareem Rayyan, holding a paper listing the names of the 15 family members that he claimed were killed in the Israeli strikes. Abdel Kareem Rayyan declared to Reuters: “I lost my whole family, 15 of them. They were innocent, just staying in the camp. What wrong did they do? All of them were killed. My sister’s house with her children, my brother’s house with his children, all of my siblings, no one left except me and my younger brother. Fifteen people, these are their names – they are innocent an kind, it’s literally a massacre, complete destruction. All of the alley, 20 houses were demolished”.

Airwars was able to identify the following names from the list he showed to Reuters: Raed Ahmad Rayyan, Hanna Rayyan, Sa’ed Rayyan, Maher Rayyan, Anwar Rayyan, Jannah RayyanRaed Sa’ed Rayyan, Hanaa Sa’ed Rayyan, Mahmoud Sa’ed RayyanGhassan Mohammed Rayyan, Israa Mohammed Rayyan, Mujahid Mohammed Rayyan, Masa Mohammed RayyanIman Saed Abou Hamdan, Karam Abdulkarim Rayyan.

Another man identified as Hassan Ahmed Rayan told Reuters in the same video “The house had 15 people in it, until this moment we cannot reach any of them. Since yesterday, we’ve been trying to find anyone, but we couldn’t. There is no equipment, no civil defense teams, it’s all personal efforts to remove the rubble”.

On social media, Ahmad Abi Ibrahim announced the deaths of his relatives his cousin and brother in law Raed Rayan Abu Saed, his “beloved sister Hanna”, described as Saed’s mother, Saed’s sister identifed as Anwar, and her sons. Janna is referred to as a younger sister with who they “recently celebrated her success in high school”.

Maher is described as a ” decent young man, [who] spent his life in obedience to God, between the mosque and the university. He completed his education as a doctor and volunteered to treat the wounded in the Indonesian Hospital at the beginning of the outbreak of the current war on Gaza.” Nassma Jamal published on Facebook: “May God have mercy on the martyrs of the Rayyan family, relatives and cousins, who were martyred while they were steadfast and sitting in their homes in the Jabalia camp massacre. The martyr Abu Saed Raed Rayan, his wife, children and some of his grandchildren, his son Saed Rayan, his wife and children, and the wife of cousin Abu Ghassan Rayan and her children. Fifteen people, most of them children.” Airwars has estimated the minimum number of children killed in the Rayan family to be six, though the exact number is not yet clear.

In addition to the victims identified alongside other family members outlined above, Airwars also identified an individual named Juma Muhammad Al-Shaarawi, whose death was announced by Baraa Samir describing Al-Shaarawi as a “good and decent young neighbor”.

Unnamed victims

As in many incidents of civilian harm, not all victims were named by sources.

The Izz Al Din Al Qassam brigade official page posted that seven civilian hostages taken from Israel by Hamas militants, including three holders of foreign passports, were killed. The identity of the hostages was not provided.

Airwars also archived a number of videos where relatives or friends spoke about their losses surrounded by scenes of desolation.

In one video published by @Roaastudies and by Middle East Eye, an unnamed Palestinian man present at the scene of the incident was recorded explaining to the camera that he had three children and “not one has survived”. He is seen collapsing at the site of the bombing screaming: “My three children are all gone! My three children, Oh God! My three children! That other day, he told me to come, he told me “Come Dad””. A man holding him replies “Maybe we’ll find one, maybe we’ll find one alive”. The camera holder then says, “this is my friend, he just lost his family”.

@ramiaalibrahim published a video including another Palestinian man whose name was not identified, was filmed walking around the rubble screaming “my son is a martyr, oh God!”, while an additional video published by @Yasser_Gaza on Twitter/X showed a grieving mother who reportedly “lost all of her children“.

On social media, one video released by @Palestinealaa19 showed a father and his son at the scene of the bombing – the young adolescent was crying over bodies in plastic bags of members of his family lined up on the street. The father can be heard telling his son “you can’t collapse, you can’t cry, this is our destiny, we are not better than them, look they are all around us, we don’t forget them and the other 8,000 people – without counting those under the rubble, at least we got out, at least we knew who they are”.

In one video published by @AJArabicnet, a child critically injured in the bombing asked his relative to give him water, while another video released by @Ahmed_GR00 shows a young girl injured with blood on her clothes. The source alleged that she lost the sight of her eyes but at the time of the recording was not aware of her fate.

@shamel__news published a video of two young girls and one young boy rescued from the rubble from Jabalia. @visegrad24 mentioned on Twitter/X the case of a young boy rescued from the rubble by rescuers at the site but no further information was provided regarding the child’s identity. Documenting similar scenes, AP recorded “Young men [carrying] the limp forms of two children from the upper floors of the crumbling frame of one damaged apartment building, while helping down another child and woman. It was unclear whether the children were alive or dead. Gray dust, apparently left by pulverized concrete, seemed to coat nearly everything.”

One Twitter/X the user @Mohammed78990 published a video of a baby followed by this comment: “painful scene from the Jabaliya massacre”. The same source explained that the mother was killed in the bombing. In another video released by @AJA_Palestine, a young man and his young sister were filmed sitting on the rubble crying over the death of their father. 

Overall casualty estimates provided by sources

Initial reporting following the first Israeli bombing on October 31st recorded “a number of martyrs” and “dozens” injured, with Bellingcat setting the initial death toll at “at least 40 killed”, followed by the Guardian which initially reported that “47 bodies were “recovered from the rubble after an explosion in several houses in Jabalia camp”, analysing video footage published by Agence France-Presse.

The director of the Indonesian hospital, Mohamed el-Ron, told the BBC that the hospital recorded 400 casualties, “including 120 dead”, the majority being “women and children”. In a press conference held at that hospital on October 31st, doctors announced that “at 4pm the Indonesian hospital received a high number of killed and injured after an attack on residential block in Jabaliya camp”. The medical staff stated that “one staff member lost four members of his family during the strike.” The same source added that the number of civilian casualties was bigger than their capacity. A number of sources reported “hundreds of injured and killed” following the two declared rounds of strikes on Tuesday and Wednesday. – with @ajmubasher reporting “more than 400 martyrs and wounded”, without further details.

On October 31st, the Palestinian Ministry of Health initially counted “50 martyrs and around 150 wounded and dozens under the rubble in a heinous Israeli massacre that targeted a large area of homes in Jabalia camp”. Later in the day, the MoH said it feared at least 100 had been killed in the bombing, and hundreds others injured, according to @ariel_oseran.

Airwars’ civilian fatality range reflects the number of individuals identified by local sources (both named and unnamed). As per our methodology, where specific numbers of civilians were not explicitly mentioned (such as reference to ‘multiple’ children), we have counted these as at least two casualties. Very few sources were able to report on exact numbers of those injured in the first strike, so Airwars has taken the number originally shared by the Indonesian Hospital of 280 injured civilians.

Israel Defense Forces statements on civilian harm

IDF spokesperson Lt Col Richard Hech acknowledged the Israeli strike had “destroyed a big chunk” of the Jabaliya camp. Hech declared that Israeli forces were aware that the area they targeted was an area where many civilians lived but refused to comment on any civilian casualties resulting from their actions. He justified the strike saying that their focus was on “a senior Hamas commander” who “sadly…was hiding again as they do behind the [sic] within civilians. And that’s all I can say at this point. (…)”.

Similarly, The Guardian reported that according to the IDF “some cavities seen in images of destroyed camp buildings were created by the collapse of tunnels that had been dug by Hamas, which [IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari] said chooses to put key military infrastructure below areas where many civilians gather.”

Military spokesman Jonathan Conricus quoted by AP News stated that the apartment buildings collapsed “only because the vast underground Hamas complex had been destroyed.” Similarly, AP News reported that “Brig. Gen. Daniel Hagari said an underground Hamas installation beneath a targeted building collapsed, toppling other nearby buildings. Conricus later said the main strike had hit between buildings. “We don’t intend for the ground to collapse,” he told reporters. “But the issue is that Hamas built their tunnels there and that they’re running their operations from there.”

Though the IDF did not confirm the exact numbers of civilian casualties, interviews conducted with IDF spokespeople indicate that Israeli forces have acknowledged civilian harm as a result of their strikes on Jabaliya camp. Airwars has therefore graded the civilian harm status of this incident as “confirmed”, and archived relevant excerpts from interviews in the ‘strike report’ section at the end of this assessment.

Combatant fatalities

The October 31st strike was reportedly intended to target Ibrahim Bari, described as a top commander of Hamas’s central Jabalia battalion, and a key commander during the deadly attack inside Israel on October 7th. Israeli forces believed that Biari had also been “leading fighting in northern Gaza from a network of tunnels under the camp,” according to The Guardian.

According to The Guardian, Daniel Hagari announced Biari’s death alongside “scores” of Hamas militants – without providing the total number of combatants killed. He added that the strike on the building Biari was in “led to the collapse of other things because there was a very extensive infrastructure there.”

@AvichayAdraee on Twitter/X released an IDF video in Arabic where Israeli forces claimed to have killed Hamas leader Ibrahim Al Bayari on October 31st in middle of Jabalia, alongside “many elite members” of Hamas. During a briefing (quoted by The Guardian), IDF spokesperson Hagari declared that “There are dozens of terrorists that have been killed with [Bayari], and the ‘metro’ underneath has collapsed, so it made this hole that you see in the area. We are dealing with terrorists that build the system of infrastructure of terror underneath the Jabalia refugee camp for a big reason. They want this picture of destruction.”

Hamas militants “strongly denied the presence of one of its leaders in the refugee camp” according to CNN, with AP adding that “Hamas spokesman Hazem Qassem denied the military’s claim, saying it was trying to justify “its heinous crime” against civilians.”

With ambiguity around the exact number of militants killed, Airwars has applied a 12-24 combatant casualty range to account for comments such as ‘dozens’ of targets killed.

Munitions used

While a video of the moment of the bombing was released by IDF forces on social media, the IDF spokesperson reportedly refused to comment on the number of munitions used or their types or identify “which craters were caused by tunnel collapses” – indicating that Israel would provide information at a later stage, according to The Guardian.

The Guardian reported “at least five craters in the densely populated refugee camp, which weapons experts said were left by the use of multiple JDAMs – joint direct attack munitions – in the airstrike.” Former Pentagon munitions expert Marc Garlasco also told The Guardian that “the biggest crater at the site looked like a hit with a GBU-31.” “There are other bombs it could be. That one just fits best with all the evidence. The estimated crater is around 40 ft [12 metres]””.

A former United Nations weapons inspector Chris Cobb-Smith, told The Guardian, “The munition is almost certainly JDAM, either a GBU 31 (Warhead Mark 84) general purpose bomb or possibly a GBU 56 (Warhead BLU 109) bunker buster. Both about 2,000lb [900kg].”

According to The Guardian: “The GBU (guided bomb unit) is a precision-guided air-to-surface weapon system. It is part of the Israeli arsenal provided by the US and also manufactured by Israel under contract. These Boeing-manufactured GBUs use a tritotal, which is an explosive mix of TNT and aluminium powder, used commonly in air-dropped bombs. The Israeli air force recently posted images of dozens of GBU-31 being loaded on planes. “This fits our analysis. You can see the size of the bomb and guidance straps, which are the signature of the GBU-31,” added Garlasco.””

Garlasco also told The Guardian that “the type of munitions he believes were used would have met stated Israeli military goals of hitting underground tunnels, but also caused extensive damage above ground. If they are set to have a delayed detonation, which is one of three options on the bomb, they cause an earthquake-like phenomenon when they do explode. “JDAMs will burrow through the ground, and have a delayed detonation, causing the building to collapse on itself. This explains the extent of the damage,” he said. “Buildings also collapse due to the blast wave, not just tunnels”.

According to Bellingcat, on October 31, “Reports began to appear online about 2:30 pm local time (…) A Reuters live stream filming towards Jabalia and Gaza City appears to have captured a large explosion at approximately 2:24pm local time, consistent with the earliest reports of the strike on Jabalia.” This observation matched The Guardian’s findings, which noted that “The first online reports of Tuesday’s attack came at about 2.30pm local time. A Reuters live stream captured the moment of impact a few minutes earlier.” According to The Guardian, relying on Reuters video footage and other media content, the exact location of the strike was narrowed to buildings at the intersection of Al Mouhawel and Al Almey streets.

Note that at the time of publication of this assessment, the Ministry of Health had not yet released an update to the list of named fatalities originally published on October 26th.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured at 14:30:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

Family members (21)

Abu Al Thib Abo Al Qoumsan أبو الذيب أبو القمصان
Adult male Mahmoud Abo Al Qoumsan's father killed
Abu Anas Abo Al Qoumsan أبو أنس أبو القمصان
Adult male killed
Abo Firas Abo Al Qoumsan أبو فراس أبو القمصان
Adult male killed
Abo Firas Abo Al Qoumsan's wife زوجة أبو فراس أبو القمصان
Adult female killed
Wasel Abo Al-Quoumsan واصل أبو القمصان
Child male Abo Firas's son killed
Mohannad Abo Al Qoumsan مهند أبو القمصان
Child male Abo Firas's son killed
Nabough Abo Al Qoumsan نبوغ أبو القمصان
Child female Abo Firas's daughter killed
Abrar Abo Al Qoumsan أبرار أبو القمصان
Child female Abo Firas's daughter killed
Umayya Abo Al Qoumsan أمية أبو القمصان
Adult female “Mahmoud Abo Al Qoumsan”'s sister killed
Thib Abo Al Qoumsan's wife زوجة ذيب أبو القمصان
Adult female killed
Rahaf Abo Al Qoumsan رهف أبو القمصان
Child female Thib Abo Al Qoumsan's daughter killed
Layan Abo Al Qoumsan ليان أبو القمصان
Child female Thib Abo Al Qoumsan's daughter killed
Abdullah Abo Al Qoumsan عبدالله أبو القمصان
Child male Thib Abo Al Qoumsan's son killed
Mohammed Abo Al Qoumsan محمد أبو القمصان
Child male Thib Abo Al Qoumsan's son killed
Aboud Abo Al Qoumsan عبود أبو القمصان
Child male Thib Abo Al Qoumsan's son killed
Iman Abo Al-Qoumsan أيمان أبو القمصان
Adult female Mahmoud Abo Al Qoumsan's sister killed
Yamen Abo Al-Qoussan يامن أبو القمصان
Child male Imam's son killed
Zain Abo Al-Qoussan زين أبو القمصان
Child male Imam's son killed
Yazeed Abo Al-Qoussan يزيد أبو القمصان
Child male Imam's son killed
Jamila Yusef Abu Al-Qumsan جميلة يوسف أبو القمصان
Adult female mother of Rami Ahjazi killed
Marwa Basil Abu Al-Qumsan مروة أبو القمصان
Adult female killed

Family members (12)

Abdul Salam Siraj عبد السلام سراج
Adult male killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's mother أم عبدالسلام سراج
Adult female killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's wife زوجة عبدالسلام سراج
Adult female killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's daughter ابنة عبدالسلام سراج
Child female killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's daughter ابنة عبدالسلام سراج
Child female killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's sister أخت عبدالسلام سراج
Adult female killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's sister أخت عبدالسلام سراج
Adult female killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's brother أخ عبدالسلام سراج
Adult male killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's brother أخ عبدالسلام سراج
Adult male killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's brother أخ عبدالسلام سراج
Adult male killed
Abdul Salam Siraj's uncle عم عبدالسلام سراج
male
Another family member of Abdul Salam Siraj's uncle عم عبدالسلام سراج
(source mentions all of his uncle's family were killed - no number provided)

Family members (10)

Fadi Khudair Ali فادي خضير علي
Adult male killed
Fadi Khudair Ali's wife زوجة فادي خضير علي
Adult female killed
Muhammad Khudair Ali محمد خضير علي
Adult male killed
Malak Khudair Ali ملاك خضير علي
Adult male killed
Khadra Jaber Ali خضرة جابر علي
Adult female killed
Ahmed Jaber Ali أحمد جابر علي
Child male Khadra's son killed
Zainab Jaber Ali زينب جابر علي
Child female Khadra's daughter killed
Muhammad Jaber Ali محمد جابر علي
Child male Khadra's son killed
Haidar Al-Daour حيدر الداعور
Child male Muhammad Ali's cousin's son killed
Kanan Al-Daour كنان الداعور
Child male Muhammad Ali's cousin's son killed

Family members (6)

Omar Mas’oud عمر مسعود
Adult male former prisoner - civilian status unclear killed
Donia Bashir دنيا البشر
Adult female killed
Son of Omar and Dunya
Child male killed
Daughter of Omar and Dunya
Child female killed
Daughter of Omar and Dunya
Child female killed
Daughter of Omar and Dunya
Child female killed

Family members (9)

Omar Mustafa Abu Sultan عمر مصطفى أبو سلطان
Adult male killed
Sahar Al-Hoor سحر الهور
Adult female Omar's wife killed
Ahmed Omar Abu Sultan أحمد عمر أبو سلطان
Adult male Omar and Sahar's son killed
Ahmed Omar Abu Sultan's wife زوجة أحمد عمر أبو سلطان
Adult female killed
Ahmed Omar Abu Sultan's daughter ابنة عمر أبو سلطان
Child female killed
Muhammad Omar Abu Sultan محمد عمر أبو سلطان
Child male Son of Omar and Saher, killed
Abdullah Omar Abu Sultan عبدالله أبو سلطان
Child male Son of Omar and Saher killed
Mahmoud Omar Abu Sultan محمود أبو سلطان
Child male Son of Omar and Saher, killed
Shahd Abu Sultan شهد أبو سلطان
Child female Daughter of Omar and Saher killed

Family members (2)

Ahmed Salah Dhiyab Al-Tanani أحمد جمعة صالح ذياب الطناني
Child male killed
Mahmoud Muhammad Dhiyab Al-Tanani محمود محمد صالح الطناني
Child male Ahmed's brother killed

Family members (5)

Ahmed Akram Abu Al-Omrain أحمد أكرم أبو العمرين
Adult male killed
Reem Muhammad Al-Firi ريم محمد الفيري
Adult female Ahmed's wife killed
Rital Youssef Abu Al-Omrain ريتال يوسف أبوالعمرين
Child female Ahmed and Reem's child killed
Abdul Karim Youssef Abu Al-Omrain عبدالكريم يوسف أبوالعمرين
Child male Ahmed and Reem's child killed
Zaher Ramadan Abu Al-Omrain زاهر رمضان أبو العمرين
Child male Ahmed and Reem's child killed

Family members (15)

Raed Ahmad Rayyan رائد أحمد ريان
Adult male killed
Hanna Rayyan هناء ريان
Adult female wife of Raed Rayyan "Abu Saedd" killed
Sa’ed Rayyan سائد ريان
Child male Hanna and Raed's son killed
Maher Rayyan ماهر ريان
Adult male Doctor killed
Anwar Rayyan أنوار ريان
Child female Hanna and Raed's daughter killed
Jannah Rayyan جنة ريان
Child female killed
Raed Sa’ed Rayyan رائد سائد ريان
Age unknown male killed
Hanaa Sa’ed Rayyan هناء سائد ريان
Age unknown female killed
Mahmoud Sa’ed Rayyan محمود سائد ريان
Age unknown male killed
Ghassan Mohammed Rayyan غسان محمد ريان
Age unknown male killed
Israa Mohammed Rayyan سراء محمد ريان
Age unknown female killed
Mujahid Mohammed Rayyan مجاهد محمد ريان
Age unknown male killed
Masa Mohammed Rayyan ماسة محمد ريان
Age unknown female killed
Iman Saed Abou Hamdan يمان سائد ابو حمدان
Age unknown female killed
Karam Abdulkarim Rayyan كرم عبدالكريم ريان
Age unknown male killed

Family members (3)

Mahmoud Jabr Alyan محمود جبر عليان
Age unknown male killed
Youssef Muhammad Alyan يوسف محمد عليان
Age unknown male killed
Karim Majid Alyan كريم ماجد عليان
Age unknown male killed

Family members (26)

Rawnd Okasha روند عكاشة
Adult female killed
Bilal Okasha بلال عكاشة
Adult male Rawnd's husband killed
Child of Bilal and Rawnd Okasha طفل بلال وروند
Child killed
Child of Bilal and Rawnd Okasha طفل بلال وروند
Child killed
Child of Bilal and Rawnd Okasha طفل بلال وروند
Child killed
Ziad Okasha زياد عكاشة
Adult male killed
Manal Al-Najjar منال النجار
Adult female Ziad's wife killed
Youssef Ziad Okasha يوسف زياد عكاشة
Child male Son of Ziad and Manal killed
Raed Okasha رائد عكاشة
Adult male killed
Raed Okasha's child
Child killed
Raed Okasha's child
Child killed
Raed Okasha's wife
Adult female Raed's wife killed
Nael Okasha نائل عكاشة
Adult male killed
Islam Mohammed al Kafarna اسلام محمد الكفارنة
Adult female Nael's wife killed
Nael Okasha's child
Child killed
Nael Okasha's child
Child killed
Yasser Okasha's child
Child killed
Yasser Okasha's child
Child killed
Yasser Okasha's wife
Adult female killed
Thaer Naeem Okasha ثائر نعيم عكاشة
Adult male killed
Thaer Naeem Okasha's relative
Age unknown killed
Muhammad Fayez Al-Zwaidi. محمد فايز الزويدي
Age unknown male killed
Muhammad Okasha محمد عكاشة
Adult male killed
Masa Okasha ماسة عكاشة
Child female Daughter of Mohammed killed
Rakan Okasha راكان عكاشة
Child male Son of Mohammed killed
Ameed, Okasha عميد عكاشة
Child male Son of Mohammed killed

Family members (2)

Kamal Hamad "Abu Diaa" كمال حمد
Adult male killed
Kamal Hamad's son
Child male killed

The victims were named as:

Jumaa Mohammed Al Sharawi جمعة محمد الشعراوي
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    IDP or refugee camp
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    126 – 136
  • (69 children22 women28 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    280
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Confirmed
    A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
  • Known attacker
    Israeli Military
  • Known target
    Palestinian Forces
  • Belligerents reported killed
    12–24

Sources (106) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (152) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @TheUKAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @TheUKAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @alyredaa
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @WaheidiSaad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Anas Al Sharif
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Anas Al Sharif
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Anas Al Sharif
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Anas Al Sharif
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Anas Al Sharif
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @alyelbassel
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @alyelbassel
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @alyelbassel
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @alyelbassel
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @Jales_tinian2
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Emad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Ali
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Ali
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rami Aroki
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rami Aroki
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rami Aroki
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Um Mohammed Abo Al Qoumsan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestine voice radio
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestine voice radio
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestine voice radio
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestine voice radio
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Alaraby television
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Alaraby television
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Alaraby television
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Alaraby television
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khader Sultan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khader Sultan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khader Sultan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khader Sultan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khader Sultan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Suhil Yahya
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Suhil Yahya
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Suhil Yahya
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abdullah Al Hor
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abdullah Al Hor
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abdullah Al Hor
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Raed Abo Al Qoumsan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ra’ed Abo Al Qoumsan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Jehad Al Sharawi
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Jehad Al Sharawi
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ziad Alyan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Baraa Samir
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abood Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abood Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abood Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abood Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abood Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abood Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abood Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mais Al Reem
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Okasha
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Hamouda Abo Malek
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Hamouda Abo Malek
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khaled Abo Al Hour
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Salah salama
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Salah salama
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Salah salama
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Journalist Adel Za’rab
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Faraj Abo Mohammed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Faraj Abo Mohammed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Faraj Abo Mohammed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Bellingcat Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Bellingcat Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Bellingcat Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Bellingcat Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs Statement
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The Guardian News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @Reuters
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @trbrtc
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @trbrtc
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: CNN News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: CNN News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: CNN News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @UNHumanRights
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Geolocation notes (1) [ collapse]

Reports of the incident mention strikes on the Jabalia camp (مخيم جباليا). Satellite imagery shared by Christiaan Triebert (@trbrtc) shows the strike location at the following exact coordinates: 31.533320, 34.499070.

  • Imagery:
    @trbrtc

Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Known belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Israeli Military

CNN Wolf Blitzer Interview w/ IDF Spokesperson Richard Hecht

WB
Back now to our breaking news here in the Middle East. A massive explosion at the largest refugee camp in Gaza. Joining us now is Lieutenant Colonel Richard Hecht. He's the international spokesperson for the Israel Defense Forces. Thanks so much for joining us. I want to ask you first about this massive blast that we all just saw. We saw the video at the Jabalya refugee camp in Gaza. Is there anything more you can, first of all, tell us about how this explosion happened?

RH
Hi Wolf. Thanks for having me. So we'll be coming out in the next hopefully hour with more data. But I can update you now that there was a very senior Hamas commander in that area. Sadly, he was hiding again, as they do behind the [sic] within civilians. And that's all I can say at this point. We're looking into it and we'll be coming out with more data as we learn what happened there.

WB
So can you confirm it was an Israeli attack that destroyed a big chunk of that Jabalya refugee camp?

RH
Yes, I can. We when we were focused on the target, a senior commander, Wolf, I will be updating you with more data as the hour moves ahead.

WB
But even if that Hamas commander was there, amidst all those Palestinian refugees who are in there in that Jabalya refugee camp, Israel still went ahead and dropped a bomb there attempting to kill this Hamas uh this Hamas commander. Knowing that a lot of innocent civilians, men, women and children, presumably would be killed, is that what I'm hearing?

RH
That's not what you're hearing, Wolf. We again, we're focused on this commander, again, who you'll get more data who this man was, killed many, many Israelis. And we're doing everything we can. These are, it's a very complicated battle space. That could be infrastructure there. There could be tunnels there. And we're still looking into and we'll give you more data as the hour moves ahead.

WB
But you know that there are a lot of refugees, a lot of innocent civilians, men, women and children in that refugee camp as well. Right?

RH
This is the tragedy of war, Wolf. I mean, we as you know, we've been saying for days, move south. If civilians are not involved with Hamas, please move south.

WB
I’m just trying to get a little bit more information. You knew there were civilians there.
You knew there were refugees, all sorts of refugees. But you decided to still drop a bomb on that refugee camp attempting to kill this Hamas commander. By the way, was he killed?

RH
I can't confirm yet. There will be more updated. Yes, we know that he was killed and about the civilians there, we're doing everything we can to minimize. I'll tell you, I'll say again, sadly, they are hiding themselves within the civilian population. And again, we are doing this stage by stage, and we're going to go after every one of these terrorists who was involved in that heinous attack on the 7th of October Wolf.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    IDP or refugee camp
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    126 – 136
  • (69 children22 women28 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    280
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Confirmed
    A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
  • Known attacker
    Israeli Military
  • Known target
    Palestinian Forces
  • Belligerents reported killed
    12–24

Sources (106) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0419

Incident date

October 21, 2023

Location

خربة العدس , Khirbat Al Adas, Rafah, the Gaza Strip

Geolocation

31.286310, 34.271887 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between six and ten civilians were reported killed, including at least one member of the Palestinian Civil Defense and five children, when alleged Israeli missiles struck a Palestinian Civil Defense facility alongside the Dahir family home on October 21st, 2023. A number of other civilians, including Palestinian Civil Defense members, were also injured.

The incident took place near the Khirbet Al-Adas junction, east of Rafah, in the southern part of the Gaza Strip on Saturday morning.

Muhammad Fawzi Qtait also known as Abu Jazar (father of Jazar) was named as the Palestinian Civil Defense paramedic and firefighter killed in the strike. He was reported to be from Ma’an, Khan Yunis.

In a post from the Dhuhair family, it was reported that eight members of the family were killed including five children. The names were identified as: Ayman Islam Muhammad Hamad Dhahir, Iman Islam Muhammad Hamad Dhahir, Andalus Islam Muhammad Hamad Dhahir, Aws Islam Muhammad Hamad Dhahir and another child Elias Anas Muhammad Hamad Dhahir.

Family members named as mourning the victims – though not present during the strike – included grandmother Nabila, Elias’ parents, Anas Dhahir and Hanin Saleh Zorob, and Ayman, Iman, Andalus and Aws’ father Islam Muhammad Hamad Duhair. Aws’ kindergarten, Baraem Al Tofoula Model Kindergarten, made a post announcing his death and expressing their deep sorrow.

The Ministry of the Interior and the Directorate of the Civil Defense in Gaza reported the death of Muhammad Qtait and the injury of at least four other Civil Defense members, while source Adnan Ghanima reported in a tweet that six members were seriously injured. According to Masdar Al Akhbariya, 11 Civil Defense workers were injured and three were in serious condition. A post from the Rafah Municipality reported several deaths and injuries among Civil Defense members and civilians. The casualty range for those injured is therefore put at 4-11.

Where possible, Airwars has matched names with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of nearly 7000 victims’ names and ID numbers released on October 26th.

Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli airplanes.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Family members (5)

Ayman Islam Muhammad Hamad Dhahir أيمن إسلام محمد حمد ضهير
13 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 429423221
Iman Islam Muhammad Hamad Dhahir إيمان إسلام محمد حمد ضهير
12 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 430509919
Andalus Islam Muhammad Hamad Dhahir أندلس إسلام محمد حمد ضهير
10 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 434448718
Aws Islam Muhammad Hamad Dhahir أوس إسلام محمد حمد ضهير
5 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 440694404
Elias Anas Muhammad Hamad Dhahir إلياس أنس محمد حمد ضهير
5 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 440596930

The victims were named as:

Muhammad Fawzi Qtait محمد فوزي قطيط
39 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 800322224

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 10
  • (5–8 children1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–11
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (20) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: The journalist Adel Al Zaab
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Tabarbour
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Municipality
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Municipality
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Municipality
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Municipality
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Municipality
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Adnan Ghanima
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Adnan Ghanima
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahali Maan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahali Maan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahali Maan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahali Maan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahali Maan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahali Maan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Omar Mahmoud Brhoum Zaraab
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Baraem Al Tofoula Model Kindergarten
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @SerajSat
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the area of Khirbat Al Adas ( خربة العدس ), within the Gaza strip (قِطَاعُ غَزَّةَ), for which the generic coordinates are: 31.2863108, 34.271887. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.  

{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","properties":{"stroke":"#ff0000","stroke-width":1,"stroke-opacity":1,"fill-opacity":0},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[34.2709169,31.2880177],[34.2707776,31.2884165],[34.2720007,31.288907],[34.2726551,31.2892371],[34.2720973,31.290319],[34.273374,31.29086],[34.2744791,31.2897048],[34.2746614,31.2885403],[34.274876,31.2878068],[34.274876,31.2874767],[34.2741142,31.2873759],[34.2743825,31.2865094],[34.2733203,31.285808],[34.2724728,31.2852991],[34.2730091,31.2847353],[34.2752408,31.2824798],[34.2743504,31.2813429],[34.2726981,31.281893],[34.272269,31.2824156],[34.2719042,31.2834792],[34.2700695,31.2827732],[34.269415,31.2829657],[34.2673122,31.2827823],[34.2663788,31.2843319],[34.2667436,31.2848454],[34.2679989,31.286019],[34.2668616,31.2868259],[34.2680633,31.2876602],[34.2691254,31.2872293],[34.2701768,31.2876968],[34.2698012,31.2883294],[34.2701553,31.2884944],[34.2706274,31.2878435],[34.2709169,31.2880177]]]}}]}

Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 10
  • (5–8 children1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–11
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0268

Incident date

October 16, 2023

Location

مركز الدفاع المدني في حي التفاح, Civil defence center, Al Tuffah, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

Geolocation

31.506667, 34.471389 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Nearby landmark level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

On 16th October, 2023, six men working in the Palestinian civil defense were killed, and another seven employees were injured (two in a critical condition) as a result of an alleged Israeli airstrike on the civil defense center in Al Tufah neighborhood, east of Gaza City. All victims were reportedly providing humanitarian services at the time of attack.

The General Directorate of the Palestinian Civil Defense held a press conference at Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza where he accused the Israeli military of directly targeting its headquarters and reported on the death and injuries of its servicemen. The attack killed the director of the center Muhammad Al-Ghaleed (36 years old), two firefighters – Alaa Abu Ghanima and Naji Al-Fayoumi (43 years old) – and three paramedics –  Muhammad Ali, Iyad Salem and Abdul Rahim Abu Al-Bayd (35 years old).

A brother of the killed paramedic Iyad Salem wrote in a Facebook testimony that “he was martyred while doing his duty to save the lives of the injured in Gaza”. A friend of Naji Al-Fayoumi emphasized that the firefighter too was killed while performing his professional duty in civil defense.

One of the paramedics who lost his life in the incident, Muhammad Ali, was a pharmacist. His friend recalled that “he accompanied him for some time in studying pharmacy.”

Some local sources, including there Rafah Health Administration, were earlier reporting about five killed men and two of the injured being in critical condition.

Where possible, names have been matched with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of fatalities in Gaza released on October 26th, 2023.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured around dawn.

The victims were named as:

Muhammad Al-Ghaleed محمد الغليظ
36 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 800722894
Alaa Abu Ghanima علاء ابو غنيمة
Adult male killed
Naji Al-Fayoumi ناجي الفيومي
43 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 905267316
Muhammad Musa Ali محمد موسى علي
Adult male killed
Iyad Salem اياد سالم
Adult male killed
Abdul Rahim Abu Bayd عبد الرحيم ابو بيض
35 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 802135574

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    7
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (27) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ayman.harazeen.7
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ayman.harazeen.7
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestinian Civil Defense
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abdallah Abo Al Khair
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Remoo Salem
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mahmoud Al Halabi Abo Islam
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abo Adham
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khalil Katkat
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khalil Katkat
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khalil Katkat
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khalil Katkat
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Khalil Katkat
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Shareef Abo Al Oun
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Health Administration - General Administration of Primary Health Care
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Health Administration - General Administration of Primary Health Care
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Health Administration - General Administration of Primary Health Care
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Health Administration - General Administration of Primary Health Care
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Health Administration - General Administration of Primary Health Care
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Rafah Health Administration - General Administration of Primary Health Care
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention a civil defence headquarters (مركز الدفاع المدني) in the Al Tuffah (التفاح) neighbourhood of Gaza city (غزة), for which the generic coordinates are: 31.506667, 34.471389. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    7
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0236a

Incident date

October 15, 2023

Location

الأمل, Al Amal, Khan Yunis, the Gaza Strip

Geolocation

31.354810, 34.297943 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

On October 15th 2023, five members of the Abu Musa family, including two children, a woman, and two men, were reportedly killed and at least two children from the same family and a man were reportedly injured by an alleged Israeli bombing in the Al Amal neighbourhood in Khan Yunis, located in the South of the Gaza Strip.

The incident occurred at the home of Doctor Hamid Abu Musa, who was working at Nasser Hospital at the time of the strike.

The Abu Musa family official page outlines the death of child Yousef Mohammed Abu Musa, alongside two of his cousins, Hamid Jaser Abu Musa and child Abd Al Rahman Jaser Abu Musa, as well as their mother, Hiba Al Hadoun.

A story published by the BBC explained that when their home was hit, Yousef and his two older siblings, Jury, 13 years old, and Hamid, 9 years old, were watching cartoons on television thanks to solar panels previously installed by their father to compensate with power shortages in Gaza.  Yousef was seven years old when he was killed, after the roof of their house collapsed, according to the BBC report. Jury and Hamid both survived the attack with injuries.

Yousef’s father is described by the BBC as a radiographer at the Nasser hospital in the city of Khan Younis, who was working a 24-hour shift when “his wife, Rawan, entered, screaming in search for their youngest son”. Videos were widely circulated of Rawan calling for her “handsome and curly-haired son”. According to a Facebook post, Doctor Hamid and his wife searched emergency and recovery rooms for three hours, before finding Yousef in the morgue.

“The last time I saw Yusof alive was when he ran to hug me on the doorstep of our home, just before I left for work,” Mohamed told the BBC. “He kissed me and said goodbye after I had given him some biscuits and bananas. He wanted to be a doctor, maybe because he always saw me going to hospital for work.”

Further Facebook posts identify Hani Fathi Abu Masa as a family member of the Abu Musa, also killed in the incident. However, Abu Musa’s Facebook posts make his relation to the family unclear.

An image posted by mohannadalkhteeb on Instagram also identified “a number of injuries” with images of two injured children and an injured man. Yousef’s mother, Rawan, had been able to find nine-year old Hamid after the strike, while rescue teams had helped pull 13-year old Jury out of the rubble. Jury had suffered head injuries but her parents told the BBC her health was “improving”.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the strike to Israeli forces.

Where possible, Airwars has matched names with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of nearly 7000 victims’ names and ID numbers released on October 26th.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (7)

Youssef Mohammed Abu Musa يوسف محمد ابو موسى
6-7 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 439010109
Hamid Jaser Jaser Abu Musa حميد جاسر حميد ابو موسى
18 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 421330911
ِAbd Al Rahman Jaser Abu Musa عبدالله ابو موسى
8 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 435856448
Hiba Al Madhoun هبة المدهون
43 years old female Mother of Abdalrahman and Hamid killed Matched to MoH ID 905261186
Hani Fathi Abu Musa هاني فتحي ابو موسى
45 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 900588054
Jury Mohammed Abu Musa جوري محمد ابو موسى
13 years old female Yousef's sibling injured
Hamid Mohammed Abu Musa حميد محمد ابو موسى
9 years old male Yousef's sibling injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • (2 children1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (11) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Wafa Mahmoud Abu Musa
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Al-hanafi
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Social Media Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Social Media Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Social Media Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Social Media Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Social Media Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ETC facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ETC facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abu Musa family official page
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: BBC News

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the neighbourhood of Al Amal (الأمل), within the Gaza strip (قِطَاعُ غَزَّةَ), for which the generic coordinates are: 31.354810, 34.297943. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","properties":{"stroke":"#ff0000","stroke-width":1,"stroke-opacity":1,"fill-opacity":0},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[34.2929649,31.3537469],[34.2929006,31.3536369],[34.2928791,31.3538568],[34.2929864,31.3539668],[34.2986512,31.3603251],[34.3035007,31.35743],[34.3013978,31.3551762],[34.3018055,31.3544249],[34.2986727,31.350705],[34.2954111,31.3521527],[34.2929649,31.3537469]]]}}]}

Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • (2 children1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0231

Incident date

October 15, 2023

Location

تل الهوى, Tal Al Hawa , Gaza , the Gaza Strip

Geolocation

31.498611, 34.4425 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

On 15th October, 2023, Dr. Omar Saleh Farwana (Farwaneh), his wife Umm Saleh Farwana, his children and grandchildren were all reported killed as a result of an alleged Israeli airstrike.

They were in their home in Tal al-Hawa neighborhood, southwest of Gaza City. The attack happened in early morning hours when members of the large Farwana’s family were staying in his house after the morning prayer. Most sources reported 15 family members killed, including two doctors, eight children* and four women. Only eleven-year old Lynn Saleh Maher Farwana survived the attack.

Dr. Omar Saleh Farwana was a former Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the Islamic University. He was described as a well-known and respected doctor who “performed free surgeries on many young people” according to one local source, which also said that the doctor was “one of the charitable men in Gaza”. The same source added that the doctor used to organise “hundreds of science discussions” at his place, and covered their expenses with his own money. Adnan Skaik wrote in his Facebook post that the doctor “was kind-hearted, easy-going, loving towards his students and loved meeting with them”. He also said “In the last meeting I had with him, he asked to prepare a meeting with all the college students to discuss a book he had prepared, but the date of his martyrdom was closer.” Farwana Family account on Facebook indicated that Dr. Omar Saleh Farwana was “one of the deportees of Marj al-Zuhur”.

The doctor’s son Abdulaziz Farwana with his wife Sondos Manar Farwana and his daughters 3 year-old Maryam Abdel Aziz Farwana and 17 day-old infant Ayat Abdel Aziz Farwana were also killed. Nazmila Alqawasmi wrote in a Facebook post that “Ayat was certainly sleeping in the arms of her mother”.

Among the victims was also the doctor’s daughter Dr. Aya Farwana. Aya was known for her free treatment of poor patients. Yasmin Rabah wrote a touching testimony about her life-time friend on Facebook: “Aya, my friend for 27 years, ever since I sat next to her on my first day in primary school, my neighbor, my professional colleague, and my long-distance companion.. She carried Palestine in her heart ever since she knew her. I remember how her house was bombed for the first time during a war, and I spoke to her to console her, and she began to console me and comfort my heart. Then she rebuilt it from scratch, and she did not care.” She also added “She was strong, proud, kind, intelligent, creative, loyal, pious and loving”.

Dr. Aya’s daughters Basmala Farwana and Ola Farwana, and her son Imad Farwana also lost their lives in this attack.

The airstrike also killed another of the doctor’s daughters, a lawyer (or engineer, according to other sources), Professor Israa Farwana, and her children  – two daughters Rahaf Qanita and Rima Qanita, and a son Obaida Qanita.

While some sources mention only 14 victims, the Facebook post by Mohammed Hafez El Jamal claims that another of the doctor’s granddaughters, Raghad Saleh Farwana, also lost her life.

Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli forces.

Where possible, names have been matched with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of fatalities in Gaza released on October 26th, 2023.

*Though Airwars was unable to find the exact age of some of the children mentioned, we have assumed that all references to the family’s children are of those under the age of 18, unless specified otherwise by the sources, given related images of young children.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (16)

Dr. Omar Saleh Farwana الدكتور عمر صلاح فروانة
67 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 921345534
Sabah Saleh Farwana ام صلاح فروانة
62 years old female Wife of Dr. Omar killed Matched to MoH ID 902575539
Dr. Aya Farwana
34 years old female Daughter of Dr. Omar killed Matched to MoH ID 802207233
Basmala Farwana بسملة فروانة
10 years old female Daughter of Dr. Aya killed Matched to MoH ID 433928579
Ola Farwana علا فروانة
female Daughter of Dr. Aya killed
Imad Farwana عماد فروانة
3 years old male Son of Dr. Aya killed Matched to MoH ID 444990097
Raghad Saleh Farwana رغد صلاح فروانة
female Granddaughter of Dr. Omar killed
Israa Farwana المهندسة اسراء فروانة
31 years old female Daughter of Dr. Omar killed Matched to MoH ID 803679497
Rahaf Qanita رهف قنيطة
female Daughter of Israa killed
Obaida Qanita عبيدة قنيطة
5 years old male Son of Israa killed Matched to MoH ID 439092974
Rima Qanita ريما قنيطة
3 years old female Daughter of Israa killed Matched to MoH ID 444996300
Abdulaziz Farwana عبدالعزيز فروانة
30 years old male son of Dr. Omar Matched to MoH ID 804580827
Sondos Manar Farwana منار فروانة
26 years old female Wife of Abdulaziz killed Matched to MoH ID 402583520
Maryam Abdel Aziz Farwana مريم عبدالعزيز فروانة
3 years old female daughter of Abdulaziz killed Matched to MoH ID 443017504
Ayat Abdel Aziz Farwana ايات عبدالعزيز فروانة
17 days old years old female daughter of Abdulaziz killed Matched to MoH ID 445359581
Lynn Saleh Maher Farwana
Child female injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    14 – 15
  • (8 children4 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (18) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Hafez Aljamal Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Hafez Aljamal Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Made in Gaza FAcebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Farawneh Family facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Nazmila Alqawasmi facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Nazmila Alqawasmi facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Nazmila Alqawasmi facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Manar Saleh Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Manar Saleh Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed NJ facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed NJ facebook
    RemasterDirector_18da6b0cf
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed NJ facebook
    RemasterDirector_18da6b0cf
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Adnan Skaik Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ramil Abdullah twitter
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Um yamen Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Um yamen Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Douaa Omar Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmad M Facebook
{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","properties":{"stroke":"#ff0000","stroke-width":1,"stroke-opacity":1,"fill-opacity":0},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[34.4331049,31.509392],[34.4367743,31.5069223],[34.4438552,31.5030804],[34.4572448,31.4964208],[34.4566225,31.4959817],[34.4563436,31.4956523],[34.4559359,31.4949571],[34.4557428,31.4945179],[34.4549274,31.4932189],[34.454348,31.4927614],[34.4529747,31.4913708],[34.4527387,31.4911513],[34.4520521,31.49009],[34.4498634,31.4880041],[34.4472026,31.4900534],[34.4436835,31.4912976],[34.4354223,31.4969147],[34.4328045,31.4988542],[34.431796,31.4996957],[34.4339418,31.5007752],[34.4336843,31.5010131],[34.4318175,31.5015071],[34.4281482,31.5037024],[34.4306802,31.5066296],[34.4321822,31.5083492],[34.4331049,31.509392]]]}}]}

Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    14 – 15
  • (8 children4 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0218

Incident date

October 15, 2023

Location

منزلاً لعائلة الخضري بحي الشجاعية شارع النزار شرق غزة, house for the Al-Khudari family in the Al-Shujaiya neighborhood, Al Nizar street, Gaza Strip, the Gaza Strip

Airwars assessment

On October 15th an alleged Israeli airstrike killed two civilians identified as Sami Al Khudari, 60 years old, and his son, Nour Al Khudari, 19 years old, while they were at their home on Al Nizar street, Al Shujaiya neighborhood in east Gaza.

Reports referenced Nour Al Khudari’s brother, Dr. Fadi Al Khudari, who was working in Al Shifa hospital when he received the news of the death of his brother and father. Majed Al Khudari, a relative of Sami Al Khudari and Nour Al Khudari, reported that 12 members of the wider Khudari family had now been killed in the war. In content posted by Jamal al Khudari and Twitter user @x_blq_h_, footage shows that Dr. Fadi Al Khudari is devastated by the news of the deaths of his father and brother.

@ShehabAgency, which reported on the bombing of the Al Khudari family house as well as on another civilian house in the same publication, indicated that these incidents led to “injuries” – without further details on the exact number of civilians wounded, their identity, or which of the locations the injuries occurred.

Where possible, names have been matched with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of fatalities in Gaza released on October 26th, 2023.

Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli forces.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Sami Al Khudari سامي يوسف ابراهيم الخضري
60 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 906905153
Nour Al Khudari نور سامي يوسف الخضري
19 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 409921087

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Majed Al Khudari
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Majed Al Khudari
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0235

Incident date

October 15, 2023

Location

الجنينة, Al Geneina, Rafah, the Gaza Strip

Geolocation

31.296461, 34.243759 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A civilian home was reportedly hit by an Israeli airstrike in Al-Geneina, Rafah, in the Gaza Strip, at dawn on 15 October 2023, killing between seven to eight civilians from the same family and injuring others. Sources said the home belonged to Dr. Salah al-Din Zanoun.

Rum Online News cited official Palestinian news agency WAFA as noting that eight civilians were killed, similarly to PNN News which also put the death toll at eight, stating that Dr. Salah al-Din Zanoun and seven of his relatives were killed in the bombing of his house.

Only one source, WAFA cited in Rum Online News, indicated that “others were injured” by an Israeli missile in that attack, without providing further details on the exact number or identity of those wounded. The number of injured has therefore been recorded as 2-2 by Airwars.

Seven of the victims killed have been identified as: Dr. Salah al-Din Zanoun “Abu Ahmed”; his wife Etemad Miqdad “Oum Ahmed”; his sons Dr. Ahmed Salah El-Din Zanoun, Saif al-Din Salah al-Din Zanoun, Ihab Salah El-Din Zanoun, his daughter Karima Salah El-Din Zanoun; and his nephew Muhammad Musa Zanoun. While several relatives of the family announced that the Doctor’s daughter was also killed in the attack, Mohammed Al-jamal on Facebook affirmed that seven members of the family were killed, “with the exception of one daughter” who survived the attack.

Nabd News identified the location of the strike as the Al-Geneina neighborhood in Rafah.

Where possible, names have been matched with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of fatalities in Gaza released on October 26th, 2023.

Local sources reported that the funerals of the victims were organised the same day. Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli forces.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured around dawn.

The victims were named as:

Family members (7)

Dr. Salah al-Din Muhammad Awad Zanoun _ Abu Ahmed الدكتور صلاح الدين محمد عواد زنون
59 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 412366080
Etemad Miqdad, Umm Ahmed اعتماد مقداذ
53 years old female Wife of Dr. Salah killed Matched to MoH ID 413325473
Dr. Ahmed Salah al-Din Zanoun الدكتور احمد صلاح الدين زنون
27 years old male Son of Dr. Salah killed Matched to MoH ID 421207887
Saif al-Din Salah al-Din Zanoun سيف الدين صلاح الدين زنون
25 years old male Son of Dr. Salah killed Matched to MoH ID 421207879
Ihab Salah El-Din Zanoun ايهاب صلاح الدين زنون
Son of Dr. Salah killed
Karima Salah El-Din Zanoun كريمة صلاح الدين زنون
female Daughter of Dr. Salah. One source reported that she "survived" the attack killed
Muhammad Musa Zanoun محمد موسى زنون
32 years old male Nephew of Dr. Salah killed Matched to MoH ID 803256387

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 8
  • (1–2 women4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (26) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Moh Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Zanoon family Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: PNN news Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: PNN news Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed ALjamal Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed ALjamal Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed ALjamal Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed ALjamal Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Emad Youssef Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Zanoon Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Zanoon Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Zanoon Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Zanoon Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmad Radwan Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmad Radwan Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmad Radwan Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmad Radwan Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ROua Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ROua Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Moh Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammed Moh Facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Alashiq Kareem facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Alashiq Kareem facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Alashiq Kareem facebook
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Alashiq Kareem facebook

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the neighbourhood of Al Geneina (الجنينة), within the Gaza strip (قِطَاعُ غَزَّةَ), for which the generic coordinates are: 31.296461,34.243759 . Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","properties":{"stroke":"#ff0000","stroke-width":1,"stroke-opacity":1,"fill-opacity":0},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[34.2763566,31.2703071],[34.2754769,31.2702704],[34.2694258,31.2697202],[34.2615079,31.26906],[34.2608857,31.26906],[34.2573881,31.2715176],[34.2584609,31.2724896],[34.261701,31.2745253],[34.2650699,31.2768361],[34.267795,31.2787617],[34.2682993,31.2790551],[34.2702841,31.277212],[34.2720329,31.2756211],[34.2721724,31.2750067],[34.2724406,31.2745482],[34.2729127,31.2738238],[34.2745649,31.2722191],[34.2755091,31.2714213],[34.2762172,31.2706693],[34.2763566,31.2703071]]]}}]}

Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 8
  • (1–2 women4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Healthcare
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (14) [ collapse]