Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS2954

Incident date

February 1, 2018

Location

معرشورين, Ma'ar Shoreen, Idlib , Syria

Geolocation

35.667511, 36.727252 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Alleged Russian airstrikes wounded two civilians in the city of Ma’ar Shoreen, Idlib, local media reported.

Orient News reported was among sources reporting that a strike on “the road between Ma’ar Shoreen and Ma’ar Shamsha” resulted in the injury of two civilians.

All known sources pointed to Russia as the culprit.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2546

Incident date

September 27, 2017

Location

التمانعة , Al-Taman'a, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.457626, 36.750314 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four civilians were reportedly injured by an airstrike, likely to be Russian, on the town of al Tamana’a in Idlib on September 27th, according to local media. Sources all blamed Russian C25 planes for the raids.

According to “Al Tamana’a the Free media office of the town”, there were more than 18 Russian raids on the town of Al-Tamana’a in half an hour. “Five aircraft took turns in the raids causing light injuries to one man and one woman.  C8 warplanes used vacuum missiles and bunker busting missiles cause destruction on homes of civilians.”

A farm was also damaged in the raid.

One source reported that helicopters were sighted at the scene.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A farm struck by alleged Russian warplanes, 27th September 2017. (via Al Tamana’a the Free media office of the town)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2471

Incident date

September 19, 2017

Location

كفرنبل, Kafr Nabl, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.6155094, 36.5471898 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A child was injured in the city of Kafr Nabl as missiles struck a hospital, a local council building, and a civil defence centre, local sources reported.

The city was hit by three separate attacks with both Russian and Syrian forces reported to be involved. Flight analysis by the Syrian Archive identified a number of flights likely to be responsible for the attack – all of them Russian. However the organisation noted they may still have been operated by the Syrian air force.

Hand in Hand for Syria, a charity registered in the United Kingdom and run by British Syrians, operated at the hospital. One staff member told Smart News: “We were working on an emergency when the air strike took place but no one was injured. One girl was hit in the back as she was standing outside the hospital.”

The Civil Defense center was also stuck, according to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, damaging the building and three cars.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Three cars at the Civil Defense were damaged in an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafr Nabl, Sept 19th (via SN4HR)
    http://sn4hr.org/sites/news/2017/09/19/suspected-russian-forces-shelled-civil-defense-center-kafr-nobbol-city-idlib-governorate-september-19/
  • Destroyed local council building following an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafr Nabl, Sept 19th (via SN4HR)
    http://sn4hr.org/sites/news/2017/09/19/russian-forces-shelled-building-local-council-kafr-nobbol-city-idlib-governorate-september-19-russian-forces-shelled-building-local-council-kafr-nobbol-city-idlib-governor/
  • The Orient Hospital in Kafr Nabl
    https://www.facebook.com/Idleb.Health.Directorate/posts/1092123917557629
  • Images of the alleged Russian raids on Kafr Nabl, Sept 19th 2017.

Geolocation notes

Geolocation analysis of the Orient Hospital

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3258

Incident date

March 13, 2018

Location

الريحان, Al Rayhan, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.573718, 36.444291 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A single source reported that “dozens were injured” due to “the bombing campaign of the Russian and Al Assad forces” in Al Rayhan.

According to the Shaam News Network, “The bombing campaign by Russian and Al Assad forces continued on civilian houses in Al-Ghouta, where four people were killed in the city of Saqba, five were killed in Harasta, three were killed in the town of Ein Tirma, and there were two martyrs in Kafar Batna. Additionally, dozens were injured in Harasta, Douma, Jisreen, Hamouriya , Zamalka Arbeen, Hazza and al-Rayhan.”

No further details are currently available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3525

Incident date

July 20, 2018

Location

تسيل, Tasil, Dara'a, Syria

Airwars assessment

Five civilians from the same family were reported killed and others injured in alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime forces’ airstrikes on Tasil in Dara’a on July 20th, 2018.

@yaser_23001 tweeted “Five civilians from one family were killed due to an air strike on the town of Tasil in the western Dara’a countryside.”

Hamza.alshaheed page posted “An entire family was buried under rubble in the town of Tasil in the western village of Dara’a as a result of Russian bombing of the town yesterday, which continues today.”

Hamza.alshaheed posted “An entire family was buried under the rubble of their house in the town of Tasil in the western village of Dara’a, as a result of Russian bombing of the town yesterday, which continues today.” The same source also said that the town was under attack from Russian forces and that Daesh prevented civilians from fleeing. However, Orient News said through locals that the Russians and the regime forces attacked the town and that the regime didn’t allow civilians to flee.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Bodies trapped under the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes, 20th July 2018. (via Hamza.alshaheed)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3287

Incident date

March 16, 2018

Location

زملكا, Zamalka, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5261, 36.35385 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between 11 and 30 civilians, among which women and children, were killed in airstrikes on the city of Zamalka on March 16th 2018, as reported by several sources. The belligerent is contested, with sources reporting both Russia as the Syrian regime as responsible for the incident.

The Syrian Revolution reported that “the city of Zamalka has been targeted since the night of Thursday to Friday until this morning [March 16, 2018] with 30 raids by Russian warplanes and 24 barrels (explosives) of aviation helicopters and 25 heavy artillery shells.” Sources report residential areas were targeted.

Whereas some sources, such as Shaam News Network, reported 11 killed, MicroSyria and the Syrian Civil Defence put the death toll at 21.

Yousef Al Ghosh, president of the local city council, reported on Facebook that the “the planes targeted a cellar full of civilians, killing more than 30 civilians and injuring dozens, mostly women and children.”

The Violations Documentation Center in Syria listed 11 adult casualties, among which two women. Other sources stated that children were killed as well.

Twitter user @aboalhodaalhoms reported 50 injured, stating most of them were women and children, whereas the Syrian Civil Defense wrote that around 70 civilians got wounded in the airstrikes.

The White Helmets also reported that there had been 16 warplane raids and that 18 explosive barrels were fired, in addition to sixty artillery shells and rockets. Reportedly, two missiles loaded with cluster bombs and another with burning napalm were used.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11 – 30
  • (1 child2 women9 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    50–70
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Footage of the aftermath of the airstrikes on Zamalka, March 16th 2018 (via @aboalhodaalhoms).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Syrian Civil Defense volunteers helping one of the victims after the airstrikes on Zamalka, March 16th 2018 (@SyriaCivilDefe).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Victims of the airstrikes on Zamalka, March 16th 2018 (@sophie_zanetti).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11 – 30
  • (1 child2 women9 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    50–70
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3317

Incident date

March 20, 2018

Location

سقبا, Saqba, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.519286, 36.382427 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that 18 civilians were killed by alleged Russian or Syrian regime forces near a cemetery in the city of Saqba, Damascus governorate, on March 20th, 2018.

@AJA_Syria tweeted that “Syrian executed 18 civilians on the ground near the cemetery of the city of Saqba, Ghouta, Damascus.”

Other sources also reported that civilians were killed by Syrian regime ground troops, but the Syrian Network for Human Rights wrote that 18 civilians had been killed “at the hands of the Syrian/Russian regime forces”. Hence, this incident is rated as contested.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Counter-Terrorism Action (Ground)
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    18
  • Causes of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions, Small arms and light weapons
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Counter-Terrorism Action (Ground)
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    18
  • Causes of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions, Small arms and light weapons
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3328

Incident date

March 22, 2018

Location

عربين, Arbin, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.538143, 36.364331 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

47 people, among which 17 women, including three pregnant women, and 17 children, were killed by airstrikes on a shelter in the city of Arbin, Eastern Ghouta, in the night of March 22nd, 2018. Conflicting reports blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the attack.

@N_workMediaHoms tweeted that warplanes dropped more than 30 barrels of explosives on Arbin.

Shaam Network said reporting from the Syrian Civil Defense that “Russian raids containing napalm targeted a shelter in the city of Arbin, and killed more than 37 people mostly women and children in a massacre against humanity. Since the middle of the night, more than 30 air strikes, most of them carrying phosphorous and cluster bomb attacks, have been carried out in the city of Duma since the middle of the night. Civil Defense teams have responded to the shelling.”

The Violations Documentation Center and Unified Information Office in Arbin published the names of in total 50 victims, mainly women and children, who died in the airstrikes that took place in the evening of March 22nd.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that “at least 44, the number of martyrs who were documented by the SOHR in the massacre carried out by warplanes on Thursday the 22nd of March 2018,. The casualties are 17 children and 13 women including 3 pregnant women, and 14 men, most of them are from one family, and they were all killed in a massacre in Arbin city carried out by airstrikes on the 22nd of March 2018.”

@Omar_Madaniah tweeted that “whole families are now burning in Eastern Ghouta, charred and burned bodies of children and women after Russian raids on a shelter in the city of Abrin with napalm and phosphorus rockets.”

@SiegeWatch reported that “at least 37 civilians died when incendiary weapons fired by pro-government forces hit their shelter.” In another post, SiegeWatch stated that “at least 47 people were killed, 15 were buried in rubble, the rest burned.” They also said the attack happened at times when the city is supposedly under a ceasefire agreement. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights the victims died due to burning or suffocation.

@aboalhodaalhoms tweeted saying that “massive massacres happened in Arbin due to the targeting of basements inhabited by the people, with rockets loaded with internationally prohibited napalm.”

Also @waelwanne reported the use of Napalm saying that civilians were directly targeted and that Russia, Iran and the regime are responsible. @HadiAlabdallah  said the scenes are too graphic to be posted on media.

According to Hassan Jarkas, the young woman Huda Al Raz, who was nine months pregnant, was killed alongside her husband Moataz Shahou. According to the SOHR, two other killed victims were also pregnant.

JisrTV reported 20 wounded. Horrya wrote that 50 civilians had been wounded. According to @SiegeWatch, survivors pulled from the wreckage had “horrific injuries, but only minimal treatment options available for them due to prior destruction of the hospital in targeted attacks.” According to Shaam News Network, the Syrian Civil Defence’s 101st Center teams tried to evacuate the victims from the site.

Al Jazeera reported that “the shelling killed 37 civilians, most of them women and children, according to preliminary data, adding that civilians could not get out of the shelters because of the intensity of airstrikes by the regime and Russia in the area.”

Horrya news said that “Dozens of civilians, including children and women, were killed and others were injured on Friday in airstrikes with incendiary napalm bombs by Russian aggression planes on one of the shelters of the city of Irbin in Eastern Ghouta.”

Multiple sources reported the use of napalm. Anapress and Shaam News Network also claimed white phosphorus was used in the attack.

Whereas some sources, such as Horrya and the SOHR, blamed Russia, others blamed the Syrian regime or both Russia and the Syrian regime for the airstrikes.

The incident occured during the night.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Adult female killed

Family members (4)

Adult female mother of Kinan, Ragda and Yaman Shahoud killed
Child female killed

Family members (3)

Adult male husband of Iman Kouka killed
Adult female wife of Omar Shahoud killed
3 years old female daughter of Omar Shahoud and Iman Kouka killed

Family members (2)

Adult male husband of Kawthar Al Hallak killed
Adult female wife of Mohammed Shahoud killed

Family members (5)

8 years old female killed
6 years old male killed
4 years old female killed
0 years old female killed

Family members (3)

Adult female mother of Safa and Rawea Shahoud killed
25 years old female killed
23 years old female killed

Family members (2)

Adult male husband of Huda Al Rez killed
Adult female pregnant wife of Moetaz Shahoud, nine months pregnant killed

Family members (5)

Adult male pregnant father of Loay, Rahaf and Moayyad Shahoud killed
Adult female mother of Loay, Rahaf and Moayyad Shahoud killed
7 years old male killed
5 years old male killed
0 years old male killed

Family members (2)

Family members (6)

Adult female killed
12 years old male son of Marwa Shahoud killed
14 years old male son of Marwa Shahoud killed
11 years old female daughter of Marwa Shahoud killed
4 years old female daughter of Marwa Shahoud killed
Adult female pregnant killed

Family members (2)

Adult female pregnant Mother of Fayez Shahoud killed
4 years old male killed

Family members (2)

Adult female sister of Nada Hadoul killed
Adult female sister of Nour Hadoul killed

Family members (2)

Family members (3)

The victims were named as:

Child female killed
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    44 – 47
  • (17 children17 women16 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20–50
  • Causes of injury / death
    Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN), Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (42) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (23) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The aftermath of airstrikes, 22nd March 2018. (via Shaam News Network)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @SiegeWatch).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @SiegeWatch).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @SiegeWatch).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @SiegeWatch).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @SiegeWatch).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @SiegeWatch).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @SiegeWatch).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @SiegeWatch).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @LoveLiberty).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of victims of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @LoveLiberty).
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @JinaShashaah).
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes on Erbeen, March 23rd 2018 (via @AFPar).
  • Photo of the direct aftermath of the airstrikes on Irbeen, March 22nd 2018 (via Anapress).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

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Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    44 – 47
  • (17 children17 women16 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20–50
  • Causes of injury / death
    Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN), Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (42) [ collapse]