Russian Military in Syria

Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

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Russian Military
Country
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Incident Code

RS086

Incident date

October 27, 2015

Location

قبر الأنكليزي, Kabr al Inglizi, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2613693, 37.0926118 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four civilians were reported killed in Kabr al Inglizi (‘Tomb of the English’) in an alleged strike by Russia. According to the White Helmets “Civil defence removed the bodies of four martyrs and several wounded following Russian bombing with vacuum missiles.“

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Rescuers retrieve casyualties of an alleged Russian airstrike at Kadr al Inglizi, Oct 27th (via White Helmets)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

The Russian Defence Ministry has confirmed carrying out airstrikes in Aleppo governorate on October 27th-28th 2015: “For 24 hours, aircraft of the Russian air group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 71 combat sorties engaging 118 terrorist objects in the Idlib, Homs, Hama, Aleppo, Damascus and Lattakia provinces.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS120

Incident date

November 5, 2015

Location

البوكمال, Al Bukamal, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

34.4561111, 40.9190941 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that 71 civilians including nine or more children killed – and more than 100 people injured – when alleged Russian warplanes launched two airstrikes on the market in Al Bukamal. It added that more than 20 shops were destroyed and that a mosque, park and school were damaged while an ambulance burned.

The Violations Documentation Center put the death toll at least 48, including one woman and 11 children.

Deir Ezzor 24 insisted none of those killed has linked to so-called Islamic State: “At exactly 10:20 in the morning Russian aircraft launched two raids in a row on the perimeter of the Martyrs Park, where the first strike (using two missiles) left some casualties. Five minutes after the first raid, when paramedics and residents had gathered, the warplanes launched a second raid targeting the same place with the aim of causing a higher number of civilian casualties.”

VDC has named some 40 victims.

The Syrian Network has named 22 additional victims.

Additionally, VCD lists eight unidentified victims including four female adults and four male children.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Mothana al-Hasib
adult, male (or child according to SN4HR) killed
Hamid al-Hasib
Adult male killed

Family members (2)

Mohammad Hani al-Hamid
Adult male killed
Ahmad Hani al-Hamid
male killed

Family members (7)

Wife of Moeaz Hakoum al-Debs
Adult female killed
Ahmad Moeaz Hakoum al-Debs
Child male killed
Anas Moeaz Hakoum al-Debs
Child male killed
Hareth Moeaz Hakoum al-Debs
Child male killed
Younes Moeaz Hakoum al-Debs
Adult male killed
Moeaz Hakoum al-Debs
Adult male
Ibraheem Moeaz Hakoum al-Debs
Child male killed

Family members (2)

Shaker Hamid Shaker al-Batleh
Adult male killed
Ahmad Hamid Shaker al-Batleh
Adult male killed

Family members (3)

Ahmad Hashem al-Rafeeq al-Bargash
Adult male killed
Tareef Turky al-Bargash
Adult male killed
Bassam al-Bargash
Adult male killed

Family members (2)

Son of Hamed al-Hamad
Adult male
Son of Hamed al-Hamad
male

The victims were named as:

Mohammad Hamid Shaker al-Batleh
Adult male killed
Ahmad al-Mdare
Adult male killed
Habib Jomea al-Rwai
Age unknown male adult or child according to SN4HR killed
Adnan al-Abd al-Amir
Adult male killed
Farhan Ali al-Gdaib
Adult male killed
Raed Anwar al-Haj Asi “al-Bargash”
Adult male killed
Mohammad Walid al-Gozeh
Adult male killed
Haseeb Haj Ahmad
Adult male killed
Son of Hakoum al-Salman
Child male killed
Iyad Kasra al-Knyaiher
Adult male killed
Son of Jamal al-Haj Ali
Age unknown male killed
Mahmoud Bassam al-Sharif
Adult male killed
Yasin Abdullah al-Kasheer
Adult male killed
Son of Abdullah al-Gafian
Adult male killed
Son of Malis al-Naye
Adult male killed
Zeeb Hosain al-Basheer
Adult male killed
Hamoud Mustafa al-Kabe
Adult male killed
Khaled Mohammad Anwar al-Bargash
Adult male killed
Mohammad Walid Again
Adult male killed
Abdulraheem Moeaz Hakoum al-Debs
Adult male killed
Maddah Naser al-Hodhod
Adult male killed
Yasin al-Eifan
Adult male killed
Mohammad Walid Al Za’ein (Al Jouza)
Adult male killed
Madah Nasser Al Hudhud
Age unknown
Mahmoud Al Snais’s son
Age unknown
Yassine Abdullah Al Aifan
Age unknown male killed
Mohammad Jasem Al Maraa Al Ashaab
Age unknown male killed
Khalaf Rafea Al Aifa
Age unknown killed
Al Mraihi’s son
Age unknown killed
Hani Hameid Al Batleh’s son
Age unknown killed
Hani Hameid Al Batleh’s cousin
Age unknown killed
Mohammad Al Barghash’s son
Age unknown killed
Shash Al Karbouli
Age unknown killed
Mohammad Asaad Ayed Al Mattroud
Age unknown male
Hamad Samer Al Hamad
Age unknown
Al Haji Ibn Mattbalji
Adult male killed
Al Akhras Ibn Mattbalji
Age unknown killed
Ziad Al Khaleifa’s son
Age unknown male killed
Su’od Khuder Al Thamer
Age unknown killed
Omar Al Homsi
Age unknown male killed
Khaled Al Daheim
Age unknown male killed
Khaled Ibrahim Al Bakheit
Age unknown male killed
Sa’ad Al Eid’s son
Age unknown killed
Adel Al Dagher’s sons
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    48 – 71
  • (9–11 children1–4 women9 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    100
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • The remains of an ambulance, following alleged shelling by Russian warplanes, published by a media agency that belongs to ISIL
  • Footage showing the moment a strike hit Al Bukamal, Nov 5th (via derrevolutio11)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A dead child following the raid in Al Bukamal

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has confirmed carrying out strikes in Dayr ez Zawr governorate between November 3rd-5th 2015: “Near Al-Muhasan (Deir ez-Zor province), a Su-34 bomber performed strike against terrorist training camp of the Jabhat al-Nusra. Terrorist training infrastructure, installations and constructions used by terrorists for keeping explosive devices were completely destroyed by direct hits of guided air bombs.”

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    48 – 71
  • (9–11 children1–4 women9 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    100
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS154

Incident date

November 17, 2015

Location

أورم الجوز, Urum Al Joz, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.791920, 36.566680 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to The Syrian Observatory, Russian warplanes allegedly bombed Orme al Joz killing up to four civilians. While the Observatory reported unspecified casualties, VDC named one adult male fatality.

The Syrian News Desk cited local media activist Khaled Al Idilbi as saying “that Russian warplanes targeted with two raids residential sites within the town of Orme al Joz west of Idlib, killing four civilians and wounding four others with moderate injuries, who were taken to field hospitals.” Al Idlibi also said the raids fully destroyed several houses, while damaging other shops and properties.

 

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Mohammad Zakaria Habo
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Urum Al-Joz (أورم الجوز), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.79192, 36.56668. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown
Official source

Russia reports carrying out cruise missile strikes in Idlib governorate on November 17th 2015.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS187

Incident date

November 21, 2015

Location

الباب, Al Bab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Seven civilians were reported killed in an airstrike on Al Bab by Russia or the Assad regime.

According to the Syrian Observatory, the deaths occurred after a bakery was struck.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Al Bab (الباب), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.371972, 37.51631. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown
Official source

Russia confirmed the following for November 21st-23rd 2015: “Aircraft of the Russian Aerospace Forces have performed 141 combat sorties engaging 472 terrorist objects in the Aleppo, Damascus, Idlib, Latakia, Hama, Homs, Raqqah, and Deir ez-Zor provinces.”

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS219

Incident date

December 2, 2015

Location

عندان, Anadan, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.29353, 37.04466 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One eight-year-old child named as Omar Ahmad al-Shagal was killed – and at least six people injured – in an alleged Russian airstrike on Anadan, according to the Violations Documentation Center and Shaam News Network.

SNN posted a video depicting the aftermath of the alleged attack, showing one injured child being removed from an ambulance into a medical facility. Two other children are also depicted as being treated in the facility – along with three adult males.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Omar Ahmad al-Shagal
Child

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (10) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Image of a child in a medical facility, following the alleged Russian raid on Anadan, December 2nd (via, SNN)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Victims and injured civilians in the aftermath of Russian airstrikes on Anadan. Graphic content. (via, SNN)
  • Adult male rescued from under the rubble of his destroyed home following a Russian airstrike. (via, Shahba Press Agency).

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Dozens of injured civilians following a Russian airstrike on Anadan. (via, Anadan Media Centre).

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Omar Ahmad Shaghal, aged 8, killed following a Russian airstrike. (via, Anadan Today Facebook)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Images of injured children following the Russian airstrikes on Anadan. (via, Wasel71 tweet)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Images of injured children following the Russian airstrikes on Anadan. (via, Nabeel al Jamaey tweet)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Images of a child injured by Russian airstrikes in Anadan. (via Abu Mohammad tweet)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    More injured children in Anadan. (via the Syrian Revolution tweet)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A video following the aftermath of Russian airstrikes. Graphic content. (via, Sakir Khader tweet)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Anadan (عندان), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.29353, 37.04466. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown
Official source

For November 26th-December 4th 2015, Russia reported carrying out 431 combat sorties, including strikes in Aleppo governorate.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS252

Incident date

December 9, 2015

Location

كفر نايا, Kafr Naya, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.4201, 37.07461 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three children and a civilian man were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafr Naya, Aleppo, according to the Violations Documentation Centre.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights also reported that three civilians were killed by Russian warplanes but listed all the victims as children.

The VDC named two victims and also included one Unidentified – child, male.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mohammad Aadel Assaf
Child male killed
Hussain Aadel Assaf
Child male killed
Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim Al Abed
50 years old male Named as the fourth victim by Syria 2011. killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (3 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Footage of the destruction to the local area in the aftermath of the incident. (via, Syria2011)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The bodies of two children killed in Kafra Naya. (via, Mamoun al Khateeb tweet)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia is not known to have publicly released any information relating to its airstrikes in Syria between December 9th and December 14th 2015.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (3 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS285

Incident date

December 17, 2015

Location

الرقة‎, Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.949949, 39.007363 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

21 civilians were killed including two women and four children and 11 wounded in airstrikes on residential neighbourhoods in the centre and north and south of the city of Raqqa, according to multiple sources –  though it is unclear whether regime or Russian warplanes or shelling by the Assad regime were responsible for the casualties.

According to the IS news agency Al A’maq, Russian raids targeted a residential neighbourhood in the north of the city and also targeted the abandoned former Islamic Court building near the old bridge south of the city and the firefighting and rescue building.

The Shaam News Network also quoted the Al A’maq coverage.

Al Raqqa is Being Slaughtered silently also reported on the incident, listing the dead and adding that Russian raids after midnight targeted the finance building (leading to its total destruction), the train station (also completely destroying it) and burning out three fire fighting cars. They stated that six members of the fire fighting team were amongst those killed, while an entire family also died when their house was struck.

But the Syrian Network for Human Rights blamed the Assad regime for the shelling, which they said killed 12 civilians including two women and four children.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (6)

Mohammad Abdullah al Ali
Adult male named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
His daughter Wala’a Al Ali
Child female named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
His son Hassan al Ali
Child male named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
His son Mohannad Al Ali
Child male named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
His son Fadi Al Ali
Child male named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
His wife Wissal Al Hajji
Adult female named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed

Family members (4)

Nasser Ibrahim Al Abd
Adult male named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
Wife of Nasser Ibrahim Al Abd
Adult female named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
Daughter 1 of Nasser Ibrahim Al Abd
Child female named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
Daughter 2 of Nasser Ibrahim Al Abd
Child female named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed

The victims were named as:

Omar Ibn Ibrahim Al Hajj Ahmad Al Saeed
Age unknown male named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
Ismail Al Hamdi
Age unknown male from Al Suwaida village, named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed
Maher al Abid Al Hajji
Adult male a fireman from from the Al Assadiya farm area, named by Al Raqqa is Being Silently Slaughtered killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    21
  • (4 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    11
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (14) [ collapse]

  • The martyred family of Mohammad Abdallah Al Ali, killed in alleged Russian raid on their house in Raqqa, December 17th. (via, Al Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Graphic image of a deceased male adult and a child. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A graphic image of a deceased male. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A graphic image of a deceased male who appears to be burnt. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A graphic image of a decapitated deceased male. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • A hole in the ground formed by an airstrike. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • The underside of a hole. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • Some damaged infrastructure. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • A child's bike buried under the rubble. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • Some more damaged infrastructure in Raqqa. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • Civilians amongst the rubble in the aftermath of an alleged contested airstrike. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • Damaged vehicles in the aftermath of an airstrike in Raqqa. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • Entire roads have been uprooted by airstrikes in the neighbourhood. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)
  • Maher al Abid Al Hajji, a fireman killed by alleged Russian and Syrian Regime airstrikes. (via, Al Raqqa is being slaughtered silently)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

No Russian reports were published for December 16th-18th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    21
  • (4 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    11
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS317

Incident date

December 25, 2015

Location

تدمر, Palmyra, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.5655244, 38.2873535 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One adult male, Yehya Abdulrazzaq Hamdan “al-Kerbaa”, was reported killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Palmyra, according to the Violations Documentation Center.

Fresh Syria said Russian aircraft had targeted the city’s industrial district.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Yehya Abdulrazzaq Hamdan “al-Kerbaa”
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Yehya Abdulrazzaq Hamdan "al-Kerbaa", killed in an alleged Russian raid. (via, VDC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Yehya Abdulrazzaq Hamdan "al-Kerbaa", killed in an alleged Russian raid. (via, VDC)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

There were no published Russian reports for strikes in Syria on December 24th-25th 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]