Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS1191

Incident date

August 26, 2016

Location

النيرب, Neirab, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.86955, 36.71867 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians died and several more were wounded in airstrikes on Neirab in Idlib, according to local media. The majority of sources blamed Russia for the casualties, though one pointed to the Syrian regime.

LCCSY,@SyrianArwad and @Syriamubasher were among reports that attributed the event to Russia. The use of cluster bombs was also noted.

However, the Syrian Network for Human Rights mentioned regime involvement. It reported that “two civilians from the same family died when government warplanes and its allies fired missiles on the main road between Al Nayrab town and Saraqeb city in Idlib governorate, August 26.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between August 20th – 31st 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1224

Incident date

September 5, 2016

Location

مَعَرَّة النُّعْمَان, Maarat al Numan, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.647038, 36.679174 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to nine civilians including three children died and as many as 30 or more were wounded in airstrikes on Maarat al Numan, according to local media. All sources blamed Russia, except for one which referred to both “Russian and Syrian warplanes”.

According to Syrian News “an elderly man and a child were killed and three others were wounded”. The source blamed Russia, adding that more than five houses were damaged in the attack which reportedly also struck “the office of the service of the locam council in the city”. One employee of the council was also said to have died, and “five cars belonging to him” destroyed.

Other sources that attributed the event to Russia included Baladi, Jisrtv, Eldepress news and RFS Media Office. Death counts varied between five and seven civilians. Additionally, Baladi said that 15 more were wounded.

Syria Hora and Almarra Today, also blaming Russia, said that 30 or more people were wounded.

The Shaam News Network provided the most detail on the event. It reported: “Activists said Russian warplanes targeted the southern entrance to the town of Maaret al-Numan. The area was crowded with civilians. Cluster bombs were fired which spread dramatically in the neighborhood, resulting in the martyrdom of six civilians and wounding of dozens more, most of them in critical condition”.

Meanwhile, a report by the Syrian Network for Human Rights said that “alleged Russian warplanes missiles fired on the Local Council Service Office in Ma’aret Al Numan city in Idlib governorate, killing an employee and damaging the office equipment and a tractor in front of it”. SN4Hr later put death toll at nine including three children.

One source, the Smart News Agency, collectively blamed “Russian and Syrian warplane” for the death of seven non-combatants of whom up to three were children.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Haj Abdul-Latif Al-Bish
Child male killed
Mohammed, son of Abdul-Latif Al-Bish
Child male killed
Ala’a Al-Bish
Child killed

The victims were named as:

Ghazi Taleb Al-rehani
Child killed
Mahmood Khaled A’jameya
Age unknown male killed
Khaled Al-Rahmoon
Age unknown killed
Manwar Amer Al-Sa’eed
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 9
  • (3 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–30
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (28) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (8) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Graphic footage of civilians killed in Maarat al Numan - the impact of suspected Russian shelling (Youtube via Mo’az Al-Shami)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    One of the killed child civilians - the victim of suspected Russian shelling on Maarat al Numan (Tweet via @jisrtv)
  • One of the wounded civilians in Maarat al Numan - his injuries sustained due to alleged Russian shelling (Tweet via @Atfalalsham) [Page no longer available - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • The Facebook post lists the victims of suspected Russian attacks on Maarat al Numan - photographs of the deceased reveal the human cost (via Al Marra Today)
  • Remnants of a cluster bomb and the photograph of one of the dead children - allegedly the work of Russia (Tweet by @shbabRevolution)
  • A part of a cluster bomb - found in Maarat al Numan. Suspected evidence of Russian warplane shelling (Tweet via @Abdulkaderhep2)
  • SN4HR report entitled: ‘no less than 49 massacres in September 2016 including 46 at the hands of the russian and Syrian regimes’ - includes details of alleged Russian attacks on Maarat Al Numan, September 5th (PDF via SN4HR) [Arabic]

  • SN4HR report entitled: ‘no less than 49 massacres in September 2016 including 46 at the hands of the russian and Syrian regimes’ - includes details of alleged Russian attacks on Maarat Al Numan, September 5th (PDF via SN4HR) [English]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 9
  • (3 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–30
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (28) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1256

Incident date

September 10, 2016

Location

عين دارة, Ainjara, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.464627, 36.865435 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One woman died and several more civilians were injured in alleged Russia airstrikes on Anjara town in western Aleppo, sources on the ground reported.

According to Ahmadhamaher, “Russian warplanes targeted Anjara in the western countryside of Aleppo with two raids and missiles.

LCCSY added that a woman died and other civilians were wounded in Russian strike son the town.

Other sources also reported the death of a woman but did not apportion blame.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1289

Incident date

September 20, 2016

Location

حي ‏المرجة‬, Marjah (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1855676, 37.1802235 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between one and four civilians were killed, and between two and thirteen wounded, when cluster and barrel bombs struck al Marja in Aleppo, according to local media. Some sources accused Russian warplanes, while others claimed regime helicopters were involved.

The Syrian Observatory for Human referred to one fatality, while Twitt-book News counted four.

@Radioharafm tweeted, “Martyrs and injuries in the Marjah neighborhood targeted by warplanes with cluster bombs in Aleppo,” while @RFS_NORTH tweeted, “Syrian helicopters targeted the neighborhoods Bab al Hadeed and Marjah with barrel bombs in the besieged city of Aleppo.”

According to Almodon, the helicopters dropped more than 10 barrel bombs.

However, other sources accused Russian warplanes. @HalabTodayTV tweeted about “injuries in a Russian aerial bombardment,”

Notably, Shaabnews tweeted that both Russian warplanes and Syrian helicopters participated in the bombings.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 4
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 4
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1321

Incident date

September 23, 2016

Location

الفردوس, Al Fardous (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.180995, 37.151892 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between two and 19 civilians were killed in an aerial bombardment on the Aleppo neighbourhood of al Ferdos, multiple sources reported – though reports were conflicted as to whether Russia or the Assad regime was to blame.

Photographs from various sources appeared to show five casualties.

Sources were unclear on the number of casualties, though reports tended to agree that among the casualties were one or two children, one woman, and one man. The Syrian Network for Human Rights put the death toll at three, including one female child and one woman.

Erem News posted photographs of White Helmets digging bodies out of rubble. The photographs showed adult bodies covered in dust, making it difficult to distinguish the number of dead.

A photograph tweeted by @salqin showed an older man holding a young man’s dead body. This photograph was also tweeted by @TRtalarabiya, with a caption that said, “The number of victims today in Aleppo rose to 93 after a baby and an old man were killed in the neighbourhood of Al Fardous raid by a Russian cluster bomb.”

The Syrian Network for Human Rights posted a photograph of Mostafa Hamdan’s dead body. Two other Twitter accounts, @aboalhodaalhoms and @AleppoAMC, tweeted a second photograph of Mostafa, which appeared to have been taken shortly after the first.

An account called @IranArabSpring tweeted more photographs of the neighbourhood shortly after the attacks. In the photos, at least three civilian deaths can be seen: there is a mangled body, a small child (not Mostafa Hamdan), the body of an adult man, and a body wrapped in a rug.

Other sources mentioned higher numbers: AleppoAMC said nine were killed and “dozens” wounded in the attack, while Qasioun News claimed at least 19 deaths.

A YouTube video posted by AleppoAMC showed one body, which appeared to be an adult male, being pulled out of the rubble. Elmwatin News claimed three deaths and “scores” wounded, but noted the casualty numbers could rise as more bodies were pulled out of the rubble.

All4Syria and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that helicopters (belonging to the regime) were involved in the Aleppo strikes for that day, meaning that Assad’s involvement in this event can’t be ruled out.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mostapha Hamdan
8 months years old male killed
Omar Moussali
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 19
  • (1–2 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (35) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (8) [ collapse]

  • Locals trying to rescue survivors from under the rubble following the contested airstrikes on Al Fardous, Sept 23rd (via AleppoAMC)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Eight months old Mostapha Hamdan was reportedly killed during the airstrikes in Fardous, Sept 23rd, carried out by either the Syrian regime or Russia (via SN4HR)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Eight months old Mostapha Hamdan was reportedly killed during the airstrikes in Fardous, Sept 23rd, carried out by either the Syrian regime or Russia (via aboalhodaalhoms twitter)
  • A child victim of the contested airstrikes in Aleppo today, reportedly from the strikes in al-Ferdous, Sept 23rd (via TRTalarabiye News)
  • The contested strikes in al-ferdous wounded and killed several civilians, Sept 23rd (via Iran Arab Spring)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The contested strikes in al-Ferdous wounded and killed several civilians, Sept 23rd (via Iran Erem News)
  • The contested strikes in al-Ferdous wounded and killed several civilians, Sept 23rd (via Iran Erem News)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The contested strikes in al-Ferdous wounded and killed several civilians, Sept 23rd (via Iran Erem News)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 19
  • (1–2 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (35) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1353

Incident date

September 26, 2016

Location

كرم حومد, Karam Homad, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.196287, 37.181253 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between two and six people were reportedly killed in Russian airstrikes on the Karam Homad neighbourhood of Aleppo.

Rfsmediaoffice reported: “Our correspondent in Aleppo said that the warplanes bombed the neighborhood of Karam Homad with several rockets, causing the death of three people and a number of wounded, noting that they are trapped under the rubble and seriously wounded.”

Several sources such as the Syrian Network for Human Rights and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that two children were amongst the dead.

SyrianArwad and Thiqanewsagency named the child victims.

Several people were also injured in the attack, according to various sources.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Mahmoud Junaid
10 years old male killed
Mohammed Junaid
6 years old male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 6
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 6
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1386

Incident date

October 2, 2016

Location

الصاخور, Al Sakhour (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2179122, 37.1892357 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to local media, alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrikes hit and destroyed a major hospital in al-Sakhour in Aleppo, killing up to four civilians and wounding 15 more.

Al Jazeera reported: “Russian and Syrian warplanes shelled  the biggest hospital still working in Eastern Aleppo, destroying it and forcing it out of service, as well as killing two people and wounding others”.

Sky News also referred to the hospital as “the biggest in Eastern Aleppo”, reporting that it was “bombarded for the fourth time on Saturday [Oct 2nd]. Four people were killed and 15 at least wounded”.

But Focus Aleppo reported that no civilians were killed, citing the director of hospital who said that “no staff were in the hospital at the time and that no casualties were reported.”

While most sources (Nader, @abd_horan, @Syriapost1, @abdulgrafordyab, al Araby TV, and Focus Aleppo) attributed the incident to Russia, Al-Jazeera pointed to both the Assad regime and Russia as the culprits.

However, according to SMO, explosive barrels holding chlorine were dropped on the building. They described how the chloride fell into a water tank which allegedly made it less effective.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 4
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–15
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Sakhour hospital is rendered out of use following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on 2nd October 2016. (via Qatar Red Crescent)
  • Sakhour hospital is rendered out of use following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on 2nd October 2016. (via Qatar Red Crescent)
  • Sakhour hospital is rendered out of use following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on 2nd October 2016. (via Qatar Red Crescent)
  • Sakhour hospital is rendered out of use following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on 2nd October 2016. (via Qatar Red Crescent)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 4
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–15
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1419

Incident date

October 9, 2016

Location

الظاهرية, Al Zhahiria, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.878124, 36.52047 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Nearby landmark level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three children died in an alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrike on al-Zhahiria village, according to local media.

According to LCCSY, “three children were martyred as Russian warplanes carried out thermobaric missile attacks on #Zhahiria village in the western suburb”. This claim was repeated by many other sources.

There was no information available on the identity of the victims.

Majority of the sources pointed to Russia as the culprit – these were the Syrian Network for Human Rights, Spm_Syria, SyriaLive54, EMC and LCCSY.

However, one report by the Step News Agency attributed the strikes to both the Assad regime and Russia.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (3 children)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (3 children)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]