Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS1680

Incident date

November 24, 2016

Location

حي باب النيرب, Bab al Nayrab, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1918713, 37.1722841 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Multiple sources reported that airs or artillery strikes targeting the Bab al-Nayrab area of Aleppo killed up to nine civilians, including two children and one woman – and wounded many more. Reports were conflicted whether this was the work of Russia or helicopters dropping barrel bombs belonging to the Assad regime.

The death toll varied from three to nine. Many sources mentioned the death of a woman and a young boy. According to HNN – who cited the use of cluster bombs and blamed Russia – two boys died along with a woman. The source added that “when people gathered to help the injured another warplane targeted the same area with cluster bombs. The final result was more than seven people were killed and many more injured”. 

One source, AleppoAMC, indicated that the incident was caused not only by airstrikes but also land-to-land missiles.

Three sources, Orient News, @syrianewstime, @ShahbaPress, blamed the Syrian regime. Two of these reported that the incident was caused by the “explosive barrels of the Assad helicopters”.

Only two sources, @Syriamubasher and HNN, attributed the strike to Russia.

In one post @ShahbaPress pointed to the Syrian regime, while it in another, pointed to both “Russian and Syrian raids”.

Finally, as many as five sources did not identify the culprit.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 9
  • (2 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded child being rescued from under the rubble following the contested strikes targeting Bab Al-Nayrab, Aleppo (via France24)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded child being rescued from under the rubble following the contested strikes targeting Bab Al-Nayrab, Aleppo (via Lens.almasryalyoum)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The immediate aftermath of the contested strikes targeting Bab Al-Nayrab, Aleppo, where civilians are trying to rescue victims from under the rubble (via Qasioun News)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Additionally, Russia reported that its air forces have carried out strikes in Aleppo during November and December 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 9
  • (2 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1679

Incident date

November 24, 2016

Location

المواصلات, Al Mowasalat, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2188989, 37.2510338 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One named civilian man was reportedly killed and several more were wounded by airstrikes targeting the al-Mowasalat neighbourhood of Aleppo, local sources reported. While most sources blamed Russia for the civilian harm, there was also an allegations against the Assad regime.

The incident was reportedly part of a wider shelling of neighbourhoods in Aleppo that day. @Syriamubasher tweeted: “One person was killed and others wounded in a bombardment by a warplane which fired a missile on the neighborhood of the Al Mouasalat, Aleppo”.

Three sources, @ShahpaPress, Smart News, VDC, pointed to Russia as the culprit, while only one, Orient News, blamed Assad. A number of other sources didn’t identify the culprit.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Additionally, Russia reported that its air forces have carried out strikes in Aleppo during November and December 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1671

Incident date

November 23, 2016

Location

‏خان شيخون‬, Khan Shikhoun, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.440813, 36.6493607 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Multiple sources reported that aerial bombardment in the city of Khan Sheikun, Idlib killed at least three civilians, including two to three children, and wounded up to seven more – though sources were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

Sources including the Syrian Network for Human Rights, Idlib News and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights put the death toll at four, hereof three of them being children.

Meanwhile, Syria News Desk reported only two out the four victims were children, adding that another five were left wounded. Smart News’ correspondent  put the death toll at three, one man and two children, adding that four more were wounded.

HomamalHassan reported the highest number of injured, putting the number at seven.

Two sources, SN4HR and The_Syrian1 named four of the victims, including two children.

Sources were conflicted as to whether the strikes were carried out by the Syrian regime or Russia. Five sources, SN4HR, Syria News Desk, Smart News, Jesrnews and Barq_News, attributed the incident to the Syrian regime while just three sources pointed to Russia. These were LCCSY, Spm-Syria and The_Syrian1. Finally, several sources did not identify a culprit, but merely referred to “aerial bombardment.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Khaled Abdel Aziz Diop
Age unknown male killed
Abdul Aziz Ali Diop
Child male killed
Mohammed Ali Diop
Child male killed

The victims were named as:

Abdullah Jihad Rahmoun
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (2–3 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Aftermath of the contested shelling of Khain Sheikhun (via Syria News Desk)
  • Footage of the aftermath of the contested shelling of Khain Sheikhun (via Syria News
  • The two childre, Abdul Aziz and Mohammed Diop, were reportedly killed by the contested airstrikes targeting Khan Sheikhoun November 23 (via SN4HR)
  • Photo showing a child injured by the contested airstrikes in the city of Khan Sheikhan, Idlib southern province, on November 23 (via SN4HR)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Khan Shikhoun (‏خان شيخون‬), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.440813, 36.6493607. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (2–3 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1670

Incident date

November 23, 2016

Location

كفر ناها, Kafr Naha, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1658391, 36.9767189 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between two and seven civilians were reportedly killed by airstrikes in the city of Kafr Naha, Aleppo. Several civilians were also reportedly wounded.

Shahed_Alep reported that there were “,artyrs and wounded as a result of the targeting by warplanes of a popular market in the town of Kafrnaha in the western countryside of Aleppo.”

The Syrian Network for Human Rights, blaming “government military aircraft”, put the death toll at three while Step News reported the highest number of casualties, saying that seven civilians had died.

Three sources, Smart News, ShahbaPress andStep News, pointed to Russia as the culprit while the remaining did not identify the responsible party, merely referring to “warplanes”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 7
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Footage of the destruction caused by the alleged Russian airstrikes targetingKafr Naha, Aleppo (via Baladi News)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Additionally, Russia reported that its air forces have carried out strikes in Aleppo during November and December 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 7
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1669

Incident date

November 23, 2016

Location

المعادي, Al-Ma'adi, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1914827, 37.1630799 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One source, LCCSY, reported that Russian airstrikes killed an unspecified number of civilians in the city of Ma’adi in Aleppo.

LCCSY reported that there were “25  martyrs in Aleppo” and that “most of them” occurred due to “Russian airstrikes on the neighborhoods of Maadi andFirdous.”

No further details are currently available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Additionally, Russia reported that its air forces have carried out strikes in Aleppo during November and December 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1668

Incident date

November 23, 2016

Location

الفردوس, Al Fardous, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.180995, 37.151892 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to six civilians were killed and several wounded during aerial shelling of al-Ferdous, Aleppo, local media reported. Some sources reported of “several” victims while most specified that number to six.

For instance, Halab Today TV’s correspondent reported that: “6 civilians martyred and others injured following air raids on homes in AlFerdos in besieged Aleppo.”
None of the victims was however identified by name.

Sources were conflicted as to whether the strikes were carried out by Russia or the Syrian regime. Four sources, LCCSY, Paldf, ShahbaPress and MasarPressNet mentioned Russia as the belligerent, while SN4HR and Smart News pointed to the Syrian regime. Several sources only referred to “warplanes.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 6
  • (1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–19
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Footage of the aftermath of the contested strikes targeting Al Fardous neighborhood, Aleppo (via Thiqa News Agency)
  • The shelling of Ferdous, Aleppo inflicted heavy damage to several buildings in the area (via Paldf)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Additionally, Russia reported that its air forces have carried out strikes in Aleppo during November and December 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 6
  • (1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–19
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1682

Incident date

November 23, 2016

Location

قرية مراط, Marat, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Geolocation

35.31407, 40.23865 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to local sources, warplanes struck a house in Marat, Deir Ezzor, killing up to five civilians from the same family, including children and women as well as wounding up to ‘dozens’.

Several sources reported that the strikes struck residential buildings, calling the incident a “massacre”. Reportedly, the strikes struck a home belonging to the Darwish family, leading to at least four deaths.

Euphrates reported “Deir Ezzor countryside – Mrat: Warplanes commit a massacre after targeting the home of Thabet al Darwish killing four people and leaving dozens wounded in an initial toll.”


Meanwhile, several sources reported the death toll reached five, all women and children.
 For example, @DeirEzzor24 reported: “five martyrs, all of them women and children and a number of wounded as a result of the bombing of warplanes to the town of #Mart in the countryside # Deir al-Azur East today noon.”

Deir Ezzor Radio identified four victims by name, listed below.

The number of injured varied among sources, spanning from seven to ‘dozens’.

Most sources did not identify a culprit and merely referred to “warplanes”.

Syrian News Desk reported that the victims were caused by “regular military air strikes”

Two sources, however, attributed the strikes to the Syrian regime. These were SPM News and al-Araby. SPM News also reported the use of cluster bombs. No sources pointed explicitly to Russia as the culprit.

There seemed to be some confusion as to whether the incident took place on the 23rd or 24th of November. However, most sources reported that the Darwish family was killed due to strikes on the 23rd, while another strike also took place on the following day, incident RS1683.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (4)

Atab Ghada’an al Darwish
Age unknown female killed
Intissar Abdallah al Dheeb, the wife of Subhi Thabet al Darwish
Age unknown female killed
Child of Subhi Thabet Darwish
Child killed
Child of Subhi Thabet Darwish
Child killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 5
  • (2–3 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 5
  • (2–3 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1667

Incident date

November 23, 2016

Location

الشيخ خضر, Sheikh Khudur, Aleppo , Syria

Geolocation

36.2219801, 37.1749448 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that two civilians were killed and as many as 30 were injured following aerial shelling of the area of Sheikh Khudur, Aleppo.

Syria News Desk’s correspondent in Aleppo reported that “two civilians killed and more than 30 injured in Russian warplane targeting with a vacuum missile the neighbourhood of Al-Sheikh Khudar which is under the control of the opposition east of Aleppo and which is under siege by the regime.”

@ahmad5464561 added that a “flyer helicopter” struck the city with chlorine gasses.

The strikes, that took place as a part of a wider shelling of eastern Aleppo that day, were reportedly carried out by Russia or the Syrian regime. Three sources pointed to Russia while only Al Jazeera pointed to the Syrian regime. However, several sources  merely mentioned that the strikes were carried out by “warplanes”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    30
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Additionally, Russia reported that its air forces have carried out strikes in Aleppo during November and December 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    30
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]