Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS604

Incident date

February 13, 2016

Location

ضاحية الكهرباء, Dahiat al Kharaba, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1682296, 37.0184326 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Shaam News Network reported two children killed in alleged Russian airstrikes: “Russian planes continued their raids on the town of Khan Al A’ssal and Dahiat al Kahraba neighbourhood which led to the dead of two children [girls] in the latter.”

Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies also said that two unidentified civilians died in a Russian strike.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 children)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 10th – February 16th, Russia reported: “On February 10-16, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 444 combat sorties engaging 1593 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Aleppo.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 children)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS636

Incident date

February 17, 2016

Location

تل الضمان‬, Tal al Daman, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

35.810278, 37.252222 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians including two children died in an alleged Russian airstrikes on Tal al Dhaman, according to local sources. However Mr Ramadan’s death was also reported for Fbruary 16th, likely making this a double reporting.

DCHRS reported the death of Hameed Radaman from a Russian strike. It also said that his son was killed, but could not be identified.

According to Syrianpc, Russian strikes on Tal al Dhaman killed two civilians and wounded a number more, including women and children. They named Hamid Ramadan as a victim and an unidentified girl.

Hasan Mustafa tweeted that 65-year old Hameed Radaman died along with his 10-year-old grandson – and also blamed Russia.

According to a 40-minute programme by Al Jisr Satellite TV, (video posted above) two civilians were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike near Tal al Dhaman.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Hameed Ramadan
65 years old male killed
Grandson of Hameed Ramadan
10 years old male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (2 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Bulletin reporting on the inciedent. (via, Jisir TV)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (2 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS668

Incident date

February 25, 2016

Location

درعا البلد, Dara al Balad, Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

32.607961, 36.099127 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to five civilians including one or two children died in an airstrike or artillery bombardment on Dara al Balad, according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was a Russian strike or action by the Syrian regime.

Among the sources blaming Russia were Khaled Abu Slem, Abn_Horan and Syria Mubashar.

However, a number of other reports, including Naba and Gulf Eyes, pointed towards land to land missiles fired by the regime.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child female killed
Age unknown named by Syrianpc killed
Adnan Almsylmeh
Age unknown male named by Syriass1881, an extremily graphic image published of him, could be the same individual as isa Adnan al Jaber al Mahameed killed
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (27) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Eisa Adnan al-Jaber al-Mahameed, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, VDC)
  • A video of the exact moments the raid hit Dara al Balad. (via, Shaam)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (27) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS700

Incident date

March 1, 2016

Location

الزعينية, Al Zou’ainiyah, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.8410948, 36.2248957 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to four people died and at least 10 were injured when a ballistic missile hit Al Zou’ainiyah – though reports are conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russian warships or the Assad regime.

Alaraby reported that Russian warships stationed in the Mediterranean launched ballistic missiles on Al Zou’ainiyah, resulting in three deaths. A Syrian Civil Defense video also claimed that Russia launched long range ballistic missiles “on the fourth day of the truce March 1st 2016” which fell on civilian homes. According to Baladi News, three civilians died and 13 more were injured in an alleged Russian attack with a ballistic missile. Syrian News also blamed the Russian ships and put the death toll higher at four – with many wounded – explaining that a missile “hit the roads between the villages of the countryside Jisr al-Shughur”. Shaam News Network also attributed the incident to Russia: “Russian warships targeted Al Zou’ainiyah village in the countryside of Jisr al shoughour with ballistic missiles which led to the fall of four martyrs and many wounded.”

However, other sources said the regime was responsible. According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, at least three victims died when regime forces launched surface to surface missiles. The Syrian Press Center also appeared to blame the regime, reporting that a “ballistic missile from ground to ground type also fell on the town in the countryside of Al-Za’aeiniyeh bridge, killing and injuring a number of civilians in addition to the destruction of houses and public facilities.” Syrian News Desk said at least 10 civilians were injured when a regime missile landed “near a workshop for the maintenance of vehicles“. It added that some were critically wounded, and that there had been “great destruction of residential buildings and other property“. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported deaths when “a missile believed to be ground-to-ground landed on area in al-Z’eyniyyeh village“, though did not specify who fired it.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Imad Musa
Adult male killed
Muhammad Qutaish
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (0–2 women2–4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • Video published by the Syrian Civil Defense titled 'Targeting of Za’aeiniyeh with long range ballistic missiles on the fourth day of the truce'. The video blames Russia for the incident.
  • Video published by the Syrian Civil Defense titled 'Civil Defense in Douma documenting the bombing of Za’aeiniyeh village with ballistic missiles shortly before'. The video reportedly shows the house of one of the affected civilians.
  • SN4HR video titled 'Idlib - Al-Za’aeiniyeh: Civil Defense collects remnants of long-range missile targeted the village'
  • Victim of the strike in Al Zou’ainiyah (via Syrian Press Centre)
  • Victim of the strike in Al Zou’ainiyah (via Syrian Press Centre)
  • Victim of the strike in Al Zou’ainiyah (via Syrian Press Centre)
  • Victim of the strike in Al Zou’ainiyah (via Syrian Press Centre)
  • The aftermath of the strike in Al Zou’ainiyah (via Baladi News)
  • The aftermath of the strike in Al Zou’ainiyah (via Syrian News Desk)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (0–2 women2–4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS732

Incident date

March 13, 2016

Location

كفرنبل‎, Kafr Nabil, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.6152326, 36.560955 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One adult male civilian may have died in an airstrike on Kafr Nabil, according to two local sources.

The VDC listed Jameel al Ekel as a victim of a Russian strike but says the victim is from Kafr Nabil, and doesn’t state where he was killed. Fresh News reports the same victim killed  “in warplane shelling“, but does not say who was responsible.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Jameel al Ekel
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS764

Incident date

April 26, 2016

Location

الأتارب, Atarib, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1375975, 36.8284035 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Five consecutive airstrikes on a civil defense center in Atarib killed up to six members of the White Helmets. Reports however were conflicted: most blame the Assad regime, with only one (the Shaam News Network) alleging that this was the work of Russia – and reporting here was confused.

According to the White Helmets, there were “several raids by warplanes using ballistic missiles“. They said that the regime carried out the attack, killing five members of the civil defense and injuring two more when the civil defense center was struck.

A White Helmets’ eyewitness gave the following testimony in a video: “The regime tried to hit al Atareb civil defence centre. They carried out two raids at 11:00 at night and there were no injuries as the missiles fell in the olives groves. Then they came back after 1 o’clock in the morning and carried out the first and the second strike and the guys were OK, but then the third strike came and hit the centre. I mean, half the guys were in pieces and then the fourth raid came to finish them off. Five were martyred, two were injured and two are totally fine. The equipment is all destroyed, the ambulances, the rescue cars: all of it. There is no centre anymore. There were cluster bombs. When the guys came to help us, two more missiles were fired. You can see one of them there: about 12 meters long and still smoking. This one didn’t cause any injuries.”

A later statement by the Syrian Civil Defense (White Helmets) said:  “At exactly one o’clock after midnight on Tuesday, the twenty sixth of April 2016, Al Ataerb Center of Civil Defense was targeted  by warplanes with five consecutive strikes. [It went] as follows: The first raid was on the northern corner of the center after which volunteers headed to the basic shelter that was dug up in the centre. The second second raid hit the northwest of the center and the third raid hit the shelter directly killing five of the volunteers. The White Helmets identified the first five victims seen below.

The same raid led to injuries amongst the rest of the team members – with medium and light injuries. The fourth raid destroyed the buildings and the sleeping quarters and the last raid targeted the ambulance garage and other machinery leading to the full  destruction of all the equipment of the center. 45 minutes after the raids a ballistic missile mounted with cluster bombs was launched from the regime defense centres south of Aleppo toward the center and fell outside the center.”

However, according to an initial report by Shaam News, Russia was responsible: “Activists said the Russian bombardment directly targeted the civil defense center with several air raids with rockets”. They named the same victims as the White Helmets but later added that Mohammad Bakour (“the driver“) and Abboud al Mukhtar were injured. But there was some confusion in reporting, with SNN later saying that the “Civil defence centre in al Atareb that was destroyed by Assad’s planes and missiles“. In a third posting, it reverted to its original position and said Russia was to blame.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights published 10 images showing damage caused by the bombardment, though did not specify which warplanes were responsible. It put the death toll at six – all members of the White Helmets – with further civilians injured.

A news brief by the Syrian Network for Human Rights attributed the incident to the regime. A later report said that six were killed, of which five were members of the White Helmets, with two other non-combatants wounded.

 

The incident occured at approximately 11:00 pm local time.

The victims were named as:

Ahmed Tariq  Al-Abdullah
Adult male killed
Khalid Mohammed Bashar al-Khatib
Adult male killed
Ahmed Tahir
Adult male killed
Hussein Haj Ismail Orabi
Adult male killed
Hamdo Haj Ibrahim
Adult male killed
Mohammad Bakour
Adult male killed
Abboud al Mukhtar
Adult male injured

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (27) [ collapse]

  • White Helmets video allegedly showing the aftermath of the strikes targeting the civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via White Helmets)
  • Video of the Kalalli centre under the Syrian Civil defence being targeted by airstrikes (White helmets Idlib)
  • Aftermath of the contested airstrikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Aftermath of the contested airstrikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Aftermath of the contested airstrikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Aftermath of the contested airstrikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Aftermath of the contested airstrikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Ballistic missiles carrying cluster bombs were reportedly used in the airstrikes targeting Atareb town, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Ballistic missiles carrying cluster bombs were reportedly used in the airstrikes targeting Atareb town, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Ballistic missiles carrying cluster bombs were reportedly used in the airstrikes targeting Atareb town, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Ballistic missiles carrying cluster bombs were reportedly used in the airstrikes targeting Atareb town, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Picture showing the damage the strikes caused on the civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SNN)
  • Material damages caused by aerial bombardment targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • Remnants from the strikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • Aftermath of aerial bombardment targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • Aftermath of aerial bombardment targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • Aftermath of aerial bombardment targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • Remnant of the bombardment targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • Remnant of the bombardment targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • Remnant of the bombardment targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • Remnant of the bombardment targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via SOHR)
  • White Helmets video showing the aftermath and rescuing efforts following the strikes targeting a civil defense centre in Atarib, Aleppo (via White Helmets)
  • Hussein Ismail, civil defense worker and victim of the strikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SN4HR)
  • Ahmad Tareq Abdullah, civil defense member and victim of the strikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SN4HR)
  • Khaled Mohammad al-Khateeb, civil defense member and victim of the strikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SN4HR)
  • Ahmad Taher, civil defense member and victim of the strikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SN4HR)
  • Hamdi Haj Ibrahim, civil defense member and victim of the strikes targeting Atarib, Aleppo (via SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Kremlin has issued no public accounts of airstrikes in Syria from April 1st – 30th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS797

Incident date

May 14, 2016

Location

بابيص, Babis, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2465575, 37.0250416 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Multiple local sources reported that two civilians were killed and up to seven people were wounded following alleged Russian or regime airstrikes on the village of Babis in the countryside of Aleppo.

While most sources blamed Russia, some said the Syrian regime was responsible, and again others did not identify who carried out the raids. The victims were named as:

Kassem Hamdan

Khaled Ghassan

Both were civilian residents of Babis.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Kassem Hamdan
Age unknown male civilian residents of Babis killed
Khaled Ghassan
Age unknown male civilian residents of Babis killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Two martyrs and 7 wounded in warplane shelling in Babis (via ShehabPress)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS830

Incident date

June 2, 2016

Location

كفرجالس‬, Kafr Jaless farmlands, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.9760613, 36.6133118 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians from one family died and several others were injured when farmlands at Kafr Jaless were hit with airstrikes, said reports by local media – though sources were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

According to Syrian Press Center, “Russian warplanes launched air strikes on houses in the village of Kafr Jalis” resulting in the deaths of “three civilians from one family – the father, mother and child”, in addition to the injury of several more people.

NesreenAlfera and Omaralmarawi also reported Russian raids.

LCCSY did not say who was responsible for the attack, however, the Syrian Network for Human Rights blamed the Syrian regime.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • "Russian occupation warplanes launch raids on Bruma farms and Kfar Jalis village in northern countryside of Idlib"
  • "3 martyrs and a number of injuries due to Russian warplane shelling on Kafar Jalis north Idlib"

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has not reported any strikes between June 1st – 31st 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]