Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS1234

Incident date

September 6, 2016

Location

باتبو, Batbo, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.13447, 36.73979 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to eight civilians died and as many as 15 were wounded in an airstrike on an oil factory in Hazano, according to local media. While most sources attributed the event to Russia, two pointed towards the Syrian regime.

Orient news and LCCSY put the death toll at three, with LCCSY adding that 15 civilians were wounded. Some other sources said one civilian died.

However, Syrian Press Center and Halab Today put the death toll at eight.

According to Syria News Desk, “in the western Aleppo countryside Russian planes launched three raids on a factory used to extract olive oil south of the village of Batbo, which led to the death of 8 civilians and the injury of 15 others – most of them workers at the factory, which is owned by civilians. The raid also caused the total destruction of the factory and its exist out of service.”

Two sources – Baladi and Kafr_Zayta – reported that the regime was responsible.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 8
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–15
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • The Civil Defense team extinguishes fires at the oil factory in Hazano - the result of suspected Russian warplane shelling (Youtube via Baladi)
  • Local people at the site where alleged Russian warplanes struck in Hazano (via Syrianpc)
  • Major fires blaze in Hazano due to suspected Russian shelling on an oil factory. Footage shows the efforts of The White Helmet rescue mission (Youtube via CDI)
  • The White Helmets hose the remains of a building in Hazano. Fires blazed between Hazano and Batbo - resulting in civilian casualties (Tweet via @HalabTodayTV)
  • Photographed from a vehicle - plumes of smoke rise above the oil factory in Hazano, the impact of suspected Russian shelling (Tweet via @mohamad_msry)
  • Multiple photographs of smoke clouds above Hazano and Batbo. The source alleged Regime warplanes responsible (Tweet via @The_Syrian1)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 8
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–15
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1524

Incident date

November 3, 2016

Location

الرستن, Ar-Rastan, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.93, 36.74 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between seven and eight civilians, including as many as six children, were killed and more than 10 others were wounded in an alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrike on Al Rastan, according to local media. Local sources were conflicted in who was to blame for the airstrikes, with the majority of sources – including Eldorar, Ara News and Syria News Network – blaming Syrian regime planes for the massacre. The Local Coordination Committee in Syria, however, attributed the strikes to Russia.

A member of the Rastan civil defence team told Syria News Desk “regime aviation struck two neighbours…with two airstrikes, which led to the deaths of three children and their father and three more children from two other families.”

According to some local sources, the airstrikes were rocket propelled grenades and specifically struck civilian homes.

Many of those injured reportedly had to endure amputations because they were struck when the airstrikes hit their houses.

Images posted by @ahmedab45240253 and videos posted by Qasioun show very graphic scenes of the bodies of the children that were killed by the airstrikes, with many of them appearing to be younger than 10-years-old.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (4)

Ayman Idris
Adult named by Muslm killed
Fadl Idris
Child named by Muslm killed
Salam Idris
Child named by Muslm killed
Hala Idris
Child named by Muslm killed

The victims were named as:

Mohammed Nur al-Ahmad
Child male named by Muslm killed
Abdel Moneim Ammar Adam
Child male named by Muslm killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 8
  • (5–6 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (25) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Footage showing the bodies of dead children who were killed in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Ar Rastan, 3rd November 2016. (via Qasioun news agency)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Footage showing the bodies of dead and inured children in the aftermath of an alleged Turkish airstrike on Ar Rastan, 3rd November 2016. (via Qasioun news agency)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A photograph of a child killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Ar Rastan, 3rd November 2016. (via @ahmedab45240253)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A photograph of a child killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Ar Rastan, 3rd November 2016. (via @ahmedab45240253)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A photograph of a child killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Ar Rastan, 3rd November 2016. (via @ahmedab45240253)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A photograph of a child killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Ar Rastan, 3rd November 2016. (via @ahmedab45240253)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 8
  • (5–6 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (25) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1954

Incident date

March 9, 2017

Location

دارة عزة, Darat Izza, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.280702, 36.852575 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between three and eight civilians were killed, and dozens more were wounded, in a multi-strike raid on Darat Izza, Aleppo, local media reported. All sources blamed Russian warplanes for the airstrikes on the town.

A local source reported that a school was struck in the first raid, and published images showing material damage to the infrastructure. 

Al-Hajji pointed out that the second raid hit an area close to the site of the first raid, striking a gathering of civilian housing, resulting in at least 10 of them being injured.

Video footage shows parachute missiles descending upon the town, and the exact moment they hit Darat Izza.

Most sources said that the youths killed were playing football when they were killed.

Smart news reported that 22 civilians were either killed or wounded during the raid, however, some sources put the figures much higher claiming that as many as 24 were wounded alone. 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Child male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Child female killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 8
  • (2 children5–6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (14) [ collapse]

  • The exact moment an alleged Russian airstrike targeted Darat Izza, 9th March 2017. (via @mohds3ed)
  • Amer al-Najjar, killed in an alleged Russian airstrike targeted Darat Izza, 9th March 2017. (via @m3nati)
  • The exact moment an alleged Russian airstrike struck Darat Izza, 9th March 2017. (via Daret Ezza media office)
  • News bulletin listing the names of those killed in an alleged Russian airstrike hit Darat Izza, 9th March 2017. (via Halab Today TV)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017. (via @AnasAlhage)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017. (via @AnasAlhage)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017 (via @AnasAlhage)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017(via @AnasAlhage)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017(via @AnasAlhage)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017 (via Daretezzamartyrs)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017 (via Daretezzamartyrs)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017 (via Daretezzamartyrs)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017 (via Daretezzamartyrs)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Darat Izza, 9th March 2017 (via Daretezzamartyrs)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Darat Izza (دارة عزة), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.280702, 36.852575. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between March 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 8
  • (2 children5–6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1980

Incident date

March 17, 2017

Location

اورم الكبرى , Urma Al-Kubra, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.147179, 36.9367003 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between three and eight civilians were killed and a further six were wounded f as a result of alleged air raids by Russian warplanes in the town of Urma al Kubra in Aleppo Governorate on the 17th of March 2017.

Sources said that four victims from the same family died in the attack. The Violations Documentation published four names, while Markaz.naba named four other people.

The Aleppo Media Centre mentioned that the wounded included a woman and two children.

The White Helmets uploaded a video showcasing their efforts to rescue the survivors and retrieve the bodies of the martyrs from under the rubble, while multiple other sources posted images and videos displaying the destruction in the wake of this attack.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (4)

male killed
killed
male killed
male killed

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Adult female killed
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 8
  • (1 woman3–6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • A body is pulled from the rubble by the White Helmets following an alleged Russian strike on Urma Al-Kubra, March 17th 2017 (via White Helmets)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Urma Al-Kubra, March 17th.
  • The aftermath of a strike on Urma Al-Kubra, March 17th (via RFS)
  • The aftermath of a strike on Urma Al-Kubra, March 17th (via RFS)
  • The aftermath of a strike on Urma Al-Kubra, March 17th (via RFS)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian raid on Urma Al-Kubra, March 17th (via Markaz.naba)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 8
  • (1 woman3–6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS425

Incident date

January 20, 2016

Location

حزانو, Hazana, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.08965, 36.71404 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Eight civilians including four children were killed and 20 injured in an airstrike on the town of Hazana, according to multiple sources. While most sources blamed Russia for the attack, the Syrian Network for Human Rights said that it was committed by the Assad regime, while British Foreign Office told the Telegraph that they could not be certain whether Russia or the regime were responsible.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that seven non-combatants including three children died and about 20 others were injured when suspected Russian warplanes bombed areas of Hazana. They added that the death toll was expected to rise as some people were in a critical condition.

According to the Shaam News Network, five were killed, including a child, with more wounded, when Russian warplanes targeted residential buildings with two highly explosive missiles, leading to extensive destruction.

At 1.06 in a video published by Al Jisr, they put the death toll at five, including one child, saying that the victims died when Russia targeted the village with vacuum bombs.

But the Syrian Network for Human Rights said that six people including three children were killed when regime warplanes fired missiles on the town.

The London-based Telegraph newspaper published an article in which they reported that the strike was on a British-funded bakery “designed to help 18,000 Syrians“, adding that the raid on Hazana came hours before the DFID-funded facility was due to open. They put the death toll at eight, including three children. The report stated that Russia was responsible for the raid, but went on the quote the UK Foreign Office, who said “there could not be complete certainty as to whether Russian or Syrian warplanes had carried out the raid on Jan 20, but Britain held the Kremlin responsible for a series of indiscriminate strikes.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (5)

Adult male killed
Child female killed
Child female killed
Child male killed
Child male killed

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Adult was listed under Maarat Misreen but it says he was killed in Hazana killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8
  • (4 children4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raids on Hazana. Footage shows a man pulling a small child out of the rubble and carrying it to the ambulance. (via, Kamal Dabas)
  • A news Bulletin reporting on the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike in Hazana. (via, Al Jisir TV)
  • The aftermath of an alleged airstike on Hazana. (via, SNN)
  • Showing vehicles destroyed by the alleged airstrike in Hazana. (via, SNN)
  • Image capturing the exact moment the alleged airstrike fell. (via, SNN)
  • Civilian homes destroyed by the alleged airstrikes on Hazana, 20th January 2016. (via, SNN)
  • Civilians attempting to clear up the rubble in the aftermath of the incident. (via, SNN)
  • The aftermath of the incident on Hazana on 20th January 2016. (via, SNN)
  • A civilian covered in dust after being trapped under the rubble in Hazana. (via, SNN)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its report for military actions on January 20 2016, the says “In the course of the last 24 hours, aircraft of the Russian Aerospace Forces have performed 82 combat sorties engaging 204 terrorist objects in Syria“, but makes no mention of carrying out strikes in Idlib governorate.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8
  • (4 children4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3125

Incident date

February 28, 2018

Location

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

As many as eight civilians were killed and others were wounded in air and artillery strikes on Douma, local media reported. Sources blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the raids.

A child was amongst those killed, as well as one unidentified body. Four others are named.

Rockets and barrel bombs were launched into the vicinity and a helicopter was sighted.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mahmoud Qadish
Child male killed
Amira Sidawi
Age unknown killed
Nazir Mustafa Lime
Age unknown killed
Kifah Ibrahim al-Qusayr
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 8
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Mahmoud Qadish, killed in airstrikes on Douma, 28th Feb 2018. (via Omar)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Wounded victims in the aftermath of airstrikes on Douma, 28th Feb 2018. (via Douma)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 8
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1180

Incident date

August 22, 2016

Location

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Eight civilians including women and children died and up to 20 more were wounded in airstrikes on Douma, local media reported – though reports were conflicted as to whether Russia or the Assad regime were to blame. The majority of sources, however, accused the regime.

According to Syria News Desk, “about 20 vacuum missiles, cluster bombs and other surface-to-surface regime rockets were fired on the popular market and residential neighborhoods in Douma”. The Syrian Network for Human Rights and SRG Syria also blamed the regime. Smart News reported the use of “land to land missiles”.

The Smart News Agency also attributed the deaths – which it put at eight – to Assad, reporting that “eight raids targeted Palestinian houses in the city”.

However, LCCSY said that Russia was responsible, putting the death toll at six including three women and a child – with 20 more injured.

A number of other reports didn’t identify the culprit.

The Violations Documentation – who blamed “Syrian government and affiliated militias” – named the following five civilians as killed as well as confirming one unidentified civilian.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Child female killed
Child female killed
Adult female killed
Adult female killed
A martyr from Barghuth family
Age unknown killed
Jamil Mirjana
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8
  • (2 children2–3 women1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • A survivor from an airstrike on Douma, on August 22nd, stands amidst the rubble of civilian homes (via Syrianpc)
  • Material damage to the town following an alleged raid. (via, LCCSY)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Seriously wounded children are treated in a medical facility following an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid on Douma. (via, DOUMA MEDICAL)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid on Douma. (via, Smart News)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid on Douma. (via, Halab TodayTV)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between August 20th – 31st 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8
  • (2 children2–3 women1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1860

Incident date

January 25, 2017

Location

حي العمال, Oummal neighbourhood, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Geolocation

35.3222686, 40.1443005 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Eight civilians were killed – including an entire family of seven – and dozens more were injured following an alleged Russian airstrike on Oummal neighbourhood, local media reported. All sources reported that Russia was to blame for the strike.

A later source confirmed that the family of seven were found under the rubble three days after the airstrike initially took place. This was due to the collapse of huge residential buildings.

Allegedly missiles struck the vicinity.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (7)

Adult female killed
Child child of Mrs Susan Mohammad Al Za’al killed
Child male child of Mrs Susan Mohammad Al Za’al killed
Child child of Mrs Susan Mohammad Al Za’al killed
child of Mrs Susan Mohammad Al Za’al killed
Adult female killed
Child male son of Mrs. Hadil Nijm al Deen al Mudhi killed

The victims were named as:

Abdullah Eid al-Abdullah
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 8
  • (4–5 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between January 1st – 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 8
  • (4–5 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]