Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS1101

Incident date

August 5, 2016

Location

مديرة, Madira, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.544977, 36.3856853 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An entire family was killed in an alleged “rocket attack” in the town of Madira in an aerial bombardment according to local media. Sources reported that cluster bombs and rockets were used in the airstrike. All sources reported that Russian aircraft was to blame for this incident. These included Al Jazeera, Jisrtv, Halab Today and VDC. There was no mention of Assad Regime forces.

The sources added that dozens more were injured. Aletihad Press put the number of injured much higher at “more than 36”.

There are currently no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (5)

Child male killed
Child male killed
Child female killed
Adult male killed
Adult female killed

The victims were named as:

Hassan Batheesh
Age unknown male (It is not clear whether Hassan was killed in Ein Tarma or Madira), named Radio Alkul killed
Nabil Ethiopian
Age unknown named Radio Alkul killed
Mohammed Zaal
Age unknown named Radio Alkul killed
Shahid Ali Beik
Age unknown named Radio Alkul killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 9
  • (3 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    36
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between August 1st – 10th 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 9
  • (3 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    36
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1165

Incident date

August 18, 2016

Location

الصالحية, Salhiya, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Geolocation

34.7146658, 40.7555866 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to nine civilians including children and a woman died and as many as dozens more were wounded in an airstrike on the village of Salihiya at the northern entrance to the city of Deir Ezzor, local media reported.

Three sources – @ِALAMAWI, @ShahbaPress, LCCSY – said that six victims from one family had died. The majority of reports pointed to Russia, though several also said that the regime may have been responsible for the casualties.

According to Syria News Desk, “Russian Warplanes used cluster bombs to target the village of Salihia, which is under the control of the organisation [Isis] in the east countryside of Deir Ezzor, killing seven civilians from one family and injuring more than 15 others”.

The Violations Documentation Centre named one male child fatality. Free DeirEzzor Radio also named the victim and blamed Russian cluster bombs, which it said had killed seven people. The highest death toll was put at nine by @RFS_mediaoffice, though the source didn’t identify the culprit.

Both the Syrian Network for Human Rights and the Shaam News Network put the death count at six including three children. SN4HR added that a woman also died. However, these two sources blamed “government warplanes and its allies”.

According to Deirezzor24, “dozens” more civilians were wounded in the incident.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 9
  • (1–3 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Terkey Mahmoud al-Mhaidi, killed in an alleged Russian cluster bomb strike on Salihiya, Aug 18th (via Free Deirezzor radio)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Terkey Mahmoud al-Mhaidi, killed in an alleged Russian cluster bomb strike on Salihiya, August 18th. (via Mohamed Dabool)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Terkey Mahmoud al-Mhaidi, killed in an alleged Russian cluster bomb strike on Salihiya, August 18th. (via Mohamed Dabool)
  • The aftermath of the incident. (via, JisirTV)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

On August 18th 2016, the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation reported that, "Tu-22M3 long-range bombers and Su-34 tactical bombers took off from airbases on the territories of the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran and carried out a group air strike on objects of the ISIS terrorist grouping in the Deir ez-Zor province. As a result, the strikes have eliminated 5 large depots with armament, munitions and fuel, 6 control centres, a large number of militants, artillery positions and armoured hardware of terrorists."

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 9
  • (1–3 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS805

Incident date

May 22, 2016

Location

كفر حلب, Kafr Halab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.062057, 36.871512 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

It was reported that nine female farmers died when remains of cluster bombs allegedly fired by Russia exploded.

Al Jisr TV also reported this information, but said this occurred in Kafr Hamra – which is possibly a mistake.

Because of near-identical copy by all media, this is presently classed as a weakly reported incident.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9
  • (9 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9
  • (9 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3177

Incident date

March 6, 2018

Location

جسرين, Jisreen, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5112138, 36.3881891 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between six and nine civilians including three children were killed, and dozens more were wounded, in airstrikes on Jisreen, local media reported. Sources blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the raids.

Most sources attributed the blame to the Syrian regime; however, the Violations Documentation Centre, who named six fatalities, blamed “Syrian government and affiliated militias” and, in one case solely Russia.

According to the Smart News Agency (SNN), who said that this was the work of Russia, “warplanes launched more than 15 air strikes on the town, killing nine civilians and wounding several others as an initial proceeds, the teams transferred to medical points in the region.”

Only six victims were named despite most sources reporting that the death toll was eight or nine.

The shelling struck a residential neighbourhood with more than 15 strikes. Several sources noted that Russia was targeting bridges in Eastern Ghouta.

Enab Baladi said that the strikes occurred in the morning.

 

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 9
  • (3 children3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A dead body on the streets of Jisreen in the aftermath of airstrikes. (via @mhmdzaml)
  • Wounded civilians receive treatment in the aftermath of airstrikes on Jisreen, 6th March 2018. (via @Press_Alaaahmad)
  • Wounded civilians receive treatment in the aftermath of airstrikes on Jisreen, 6th March 2018. (via @Press_Alaaahmad)
  • Wounded civilians receive treatment in the aftermath of airstrikes on Jisreen, 6th March 2018. (via @Press_Alaaahmad)
  • Wounded civilians receive treatment in the aftermath of airstrikes on Jisreen, 6th March 2018. (via @Press_Alaaahmad)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 9
  • (3 children3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1144

Incident date

August 13, 2016

Location

الصناعة, Hai al Sinaa, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.929597, 36.643589 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between six and nine civilians died and up to 20 more were injured in an airstrike on Hai al-Sinaa, local media reported – though it was unclear whether Russia or the Assad regime were to blame.

Radio Al Kul was one of several sources attributing the event to Russia. It put the death toll at six with 20 more wounded.

However, other sources blamed both Russia and the regime. Arabi21, for example, said that nine civilians including children died in Russian and regime strikes on “a popular market, the municipal stadium and vegetable market and the industry and consumer compound”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 9
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between August 12th – 13th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 9
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS528

Incident date

February 2, 2016

Location

برج قاعي, Burj Kai, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.88447, 36.5773916 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between seven and nine victims, including up four women and up to four children were killed – and several others injured – and several injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on the village of Burj Kai according to multiple sources.

Shaam News Network initially reported that three Russian warplanes launched rocket attacks on several villages in the countryside of Homs, and that the focus of the bombardment was Burj Kai. It initially put the death toll at five, but a subsequent report said seven died in the village.

The SMART News Agency, in a video linked from a Violations Documentation Center listing, also put the death toll at seven and blamed Russia. The distressing footage depicts casualties and includes interviews with witnesses.

In an initial report, the Syrian Network for Human Rights said the Assad regime was responsible and put the number killed at seven including including three children and four women. However, it then changed position and said that “alleged Russian warplanes” shelled the village, killing eight including four women and four children.

Six victims of “Russian air forces shelling,” including two children and four women, were named by the Violations Documentation Center.

The deaths of two additional victims, reportedly members of the Syrian Red Crescent, were initially associated by the VDC with the strikes. One of them, Mohammad Saleh Barbaneh, is no longer listed. The second, Abdulkareem Kheir Allah is recorded as an adult, male and his entry links to a video of the strikes on Burj Kai.

A 9th victim was named by the Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies as Shaheed Reem Jenin Neehan. This may be Reem Nahan.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult female Named by VDC killed
Adult female Named by VDC killed
Adult female Named by VDC killed
Child female Named by VDC killed
Adult female Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 9
  • (2–4 children4 women1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 1st – February 3rd.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 9
  • (2–4 children4 women1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS089

Incident date

October 28, 2015

Location

عندان, Anadan, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.29353, 37.04466 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least three named civilians, including a child, were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Anadan and nearby Kafr Hamra.

There was some confusion about the incident, with Zaitonmag reporting that seven anti-government fighters were killed along with three civilians: “A Brigade commander working for Ahrar Syria in Aleppo said that seven of his fighters were martyred Tuesday evening as a result of bombing by Russian warplanes targeting a headquarters of the brigade near the city of Anadan in the Aleppo countryside. Zaitoun’s correspondent in Aleppo reported that Russian warplanes launched four raids on the perimeter of Anadan city.

One of the raids raids targeted a mosque, killing a child and two men – one of whom is a media activist. The mosque was nearly totally destroyed. Members of the civil defence were also injured after being targeted by the Russian aviation during the rescue mission that followed the first raid.”

Violations Documentation Center has listed the following as civilians killed in the attack.

Other reports instead listed three civilians (a man, his child and his mother) killed at nearby Kafr Hamra. According to the White Helmets, “Members of the civil defence pulled out this morning the body of the martyr Haytham Garisha who was martyred with his child and mother following the targeting of his house by warplanes in the town of Kafr Hamra on Tuesday evening October 27th.” Mr Garisha [probably Haytham Ismail Qoraifi n VDC’s list] was described by the Syrian Observatory as a media activist.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed

Family members (2)

Adult male killed
Adult male killed

Family members (2)

Child male killed
Adult male killed

The victims were named as:

Kheder Ali Hamsho
Adult male killed
Mohammad al-Shaelan
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 9
  • (1 child8 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Anadan (عندان), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.29353, 37.04466. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

The Russian MoD issued no report for the period October 28th-30th 2015.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 9
  • (1 child8 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1134

Incident date

August 12, 2016

Location

تلعادة, Tal Adeh, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.252778, 36.803283 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (via Airwars) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between five and nine civilians were killed, including children, and between 10 and 15 more were injured from two air raids that targeted the town of Tal Adeh in the Idlib countryside.

Baladi News published a video depicting volunteers searching the rubble for survivors of the airstrikes.

Local sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the airstrikes. Russian warplanes were identified as responsible by Syria Newsdesk and Syrian Human Rights Committee. However, SPC and @EdlibEMC blamed regime jets.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 9
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–15
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • Civilians and White Helmets searching through the rubble for casualties. (via, Baladi-news)
  • Aftermath of the incident. (via, SHRC)
  • Aftermath of the incident. (via, SHRC)
  • Aftermath of the incident. (via, SHRC)
  • Civilians and White Helmets searching through the rubble for casualties. (via, JisirTV)
  • Civilians and White Helmets searching through the rubble for casualties. (via, Baladi Network)
  • Civilians and White Helmets searching through the rubble for casualties. (via, Baladi-news)
  • Civilians and White Helmets searching through the rubble for casualties. (via, Baladi-news)
  • Civilians and White Helmets searching through the rubble for casualties. (via, Baladi-news)

Geolocation notes (3) [ collapse]

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tal Adeh (تلعادة). Analysing audio-visual material from sources, we have narrowed down the location to these exact coordinates: 36.252778, 36.803283.

{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","properties":{"label":"Exact Location","label-type":"black-white"},"geometry":{"coordinates":[36.803283,36.252778],"type":"Point"}}]}
  • Left: satellite imagery taken before the incident (April 2016). Right: satellite imagery taken after the incident (September 2017).

    Imagery:
    Google Earth Pro

  • Date taken:
    August 12, 2016

    Imagery:
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HL4s3imbAQ

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between August 12th – 13th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 9
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–15
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (23) [ collapse]