Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS4466

Incident date

February 19, 2020

Location

بيدر شمسو, Baidar Shamsu, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

A civilian was reported injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on the village of Baidar Shamsu, Idlib governorate, on February 19th, 2020, according to the Local Coordination Committees of Syria.

The LCCSy reported that a “Russian raid targeting the outskirts of Baidar Shamsu village resulted in an injury”. The incident occurred at 5:56 PM.

Airwars was not able to find any other information on this incident.

The incident occured at approximately 5:56 pm local time.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4467

Incident date

February 19, 2020

Location

دارة عزة, Daret Izza, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Alleged Russian warplanes struck the village of Daret Izza on February 19th, resulting in the death of one civilian, the wounding of two others, and material damage.

Tweets from @Tania_Tania_C and @NagiNajjar both noted only material damage resulted from the bombing and did not report any deaths. Enabbaldi.net and Smart News later noted that one civilian was killed, with Enabbaldi.net also adding that two civilians were injured. No information was released about the individual.

Daret Izza is a heavily civilian village without military significance, and the attack continues a Russian and regime strategy of striking civilian areas.

STEP News noted that the attack was carried out by Russian planes with support from pro-Assad forces while other sources attributed the strikes to both Russia and the regime.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Shelling of Daret Izza on February 19, 2020. (Image posted by @Tania_Tania_C)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4468

Incident date

February 20, 2020

Location

معرة النعسان, Ma`arat Al Na`asan, Idlib , Syria

Airwars assessment

On February 20th, the village of Ma’arat Na’asan was struck by alleged Russian or regime warplanes, resulting in the death of one civilian, a media activist.

A tweet from Ahmed Dekhan announced the killing of media activist and photographer Abdul Nasser Haj Hamdan. @MousaAlamar and Edlib News tweeted similar information as well. Alaraby News said that the photographer was working in the city media office, just north of Idlib and went to cover the assault when he was killed. This information was corroborated by IMC News, Zaitun Agency, and the Justice Organization.  Shaam News later reported that the activist was originally from Bunche.

Smart News reported that Russian warplanes specifically hit the buildings within Ma’arat Na’asan.

The majority of sources attributed the strikes to Russian forces. However, Euphrates Post attributed the death of the civilian to artillery shelling by the regime.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man1 journalist)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Abd al-Nasir Haj Hamdan, a media activist, was killed by alleged Russian airstrikes on the town of Ma'arat al-Na`san in the northern countryside of Idlib, February 20th, 2020 (via Justice Organization).
  • Abdul Naser Haj Hamdan (via SN4HR)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Abdul Naser Haj Hamdan (via @I42e3oXib8OK27z)
  • Abdul Naser Haj Hamdan (via @I42e3oXib8OK27z)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man1 journalist)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4469

Incident date

February 20, 2020

Location

قميناس , Qaminas, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Two media activists and several Turkish soldiers were wounded in an alleged Russian airstrike upon the village of Qaminas on February 20th.

A tweet from @alhariri58 announced the wounding of Ibrahim al-Darwish and Ahmed Rahal, with the latter posting “I am fine” on WhatsApp and tweeting that Russian aircraft dropped cluster missile shelling 4 meters away from him. @oabozayd noted that Qaminas is a Turkish observation point and that several Turkish soldiers were wounded in the attack. Edlib News, Alaraby, and Shaam News also reported the attack, with Shaam noting that Russia continues to demonstrate a “lack of distinction between civilian or military targets” and referred to the war as “a genocide in Northwest Syria”.

The two wounded media activists were covering the attacks upon a civilian area when they were injured. Sarya posted on Facebook that the media activists were affiliated with terrorist groups, possibly indicating their support of the opposition.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights stated that Russian fixed wing warplanes carried out the assault.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    No
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • One of the media activists injured in alleged Russian strikes on Qaminas on February 20, 2020. (Image posted by Jesr Press)
  • Alleged Russian strikes on Qaminas on February 20, 2020. (Image posted by @oabozayd)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    No
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4470

Incident date

February 21, 2020

Location

ضواحي النيرب, Alnayrab outskirts, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

One civilian, an adult male, was reported killed during alleged Regime or Russian airstrikes or artillery shelling on the outskirts of the village of alnayrab in the southern suburbs of the Idlib governorate on Friday, February 21, 2020.

The Syrian Network For Human Rights reported that “Abdullah al Qasem, from Khattab town in the western suburbs of Hama governorate, aged 32, was killed while he was trying to aid fighters of factions from armed opposition whom injured in battles between the factions on one hand and Syrian regime forces and their allies on the other hand.” al Qasem’s name also appeared on ‘Katabsahda’, a Facebook page that documents the martyrs from the Syrian revolution from the town of Khattab.

Sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the strike. Tman almare, a local field reporter, attributed the attack to the Russian armed forces. The Syrian Network for Human Rights referred to both Russian and the Regime forces as having carried out the strikes, stating that “Syrian- Russian alliance forces’ fixed-wing warplanes fired missiles on the outskirts of al Nayrab village”. The Violence Documentation Center also attributed the strike to both Russian and Regime forces, but they consolidated the incident into a larger report of strikes across the Idlib governorate on February 21, 2020.

The incident allegedly took place at 11:18 AM local time.

The incident occured at 11:18:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

32 years old male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4471

Incident date

February 22, 2020

Location

جوزف, Jouseph, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

One civilian, a child, was reported killed and one to two civilians, possibly including a girl and a woman, were reported injured during an alleged Russian or Syrian airstrike on the village of Jouseph in Jabal al-Zawiya, south of Idlib on February 22, 2020.

Regarding civilian harm, more than 10 sources reported that a girl succumbed to her injuries as a result of Russian airstrikes on Jouseph village. Shahba Press stated that aside from the death of a girl, “other civilians” sustained injuries. Halab Today TV and Syrialiveuae Map claimed that a child was wounded by a Russian air bombardment on the village of Jouseph. It is unclear whether this is the same child that later succumbed to her injuries. Smart News reported that a source from the Syrian Civil Defence had told Smart that a woman was wounded as a result of the airstrike. The Syrian Civil Defence also indicated great damage to civilian homes and property.

More than 15 sources attributed the airstrike to the Russian Armed Forces, with @oulaalassaad and RTTR2019 claiming that Russia used vacuum missiles during the strike.

The local time of the incident is unknown. However, urgent tweets on the incident were posted as early as 7:12 AM local time.

The incident was first reported on February 22, 2020 at 7:12 am by .

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • A child was killed, on Saturday, as a result of Russian air strikes on the village of Joseph in Jabal Al-Zawiya in Idlib countryside, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
  • Photographs uploaded on the official Facebook page of the village of Jouseph showing the destruction to civilian homes that resulted from an alleged Russian (or Regime) airstrike on the village on February 22, 2020. (Uploaded via @haddan.jouzef on facebook)
  • Photographs uploaded on the official Facebook page of the village of Jouseph showing the destruction to civilian homes that resulted from an alleged Russian (or Regime) airstrike on the village on February 22, 2020. (Uploaded via @haddan.jouzef on facebook)
  • Photographs uploaded on the official Facebook page of the village of Jouseph showing the destruction to civilian homes that resulted from an alleged Russian (or Regime) airstrike on the village on February 22, 2020. (Uploaded via @haddan.jouzef on facebook)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4472

Incident date

February 23, 2020

Location

ترملا, Tarmala, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

One civilian was reported killed and at least one civilian, a young man, sustained injuries after alleged Syrian, Russian and/or Iranian airstrikes or artillery shelling on the village of Tarmala in Jabal Shahshabo in the southern Idlib countryside on February 23, 2020.

Regarding civilian harm, the Syrian Civil Defence – Southern Director reported that they exhumed a body from under the rubble and rescued a young man alive following a Russian air raid that targeted civilian homes in the village of Tarmala. Basklaa16 stated that a civilian was killed and “others” were wounded as a result of the attack .Images of the body of the civilian killed informed us that he was a man.

Sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the strike. Multiple local sources, including journalist @mhmdfaisel, stated that the Assad Regime carried out artillery shelling on the village of Tarmala, while @nagiNajjar and Mustafakh1997 reported that the harm resulted from Russian air raids. Our Syria attributed the strikes to Regime and Iranian forces, and the Shaam News Network said that both Russian and Asadian air forces launched air strikes amid artillery and missile shelling that targeted multiple cities, towns, and villages, including Tarmala.

The local time of the incident is unknown. However, urgent tweets on the incident were posted as early as 4:07 PM local time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • Syrian Civil Defence said that they rescued a young man and exhumed another body from under the rubble after an alleged Syrian, Russian and/or Iranian attack on the village of Tarmala in the southern Idlib directorate on february 23, 2020. (Image posted by Southern.Directorate via Facebook)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Syrian Civil Defence said that they rescued a young man and exhumed another body from under the rubble after an alleged Syrian, Russian and/or Iranian attack on the village of Tarmala in the southern Idlib directorate on february 23, 2020. (Image posted by Southern.Directorate via Facebook)
  • Syrian Civil Defence said that they rescued a young man and exhumed another body from under the rubble after an alleged Syrian, Russian and/or Iranian attack on the village of Tarmala in the southern Idlib directorate on february 23, 2020. (Image posted by Southern.Directorate via Facebook)
  • Syrian Civil Defence said that they rescued a young man and exhumed another body from under the rubble after an alleged Syrian, Russian and/or Iranian attack on the village of Tarmala in the southern Idlib directorate on february 23, 2020. (Image posted by Southern.Directorate via Facebook)
  • Syrian Civil Defence said that they rescued a young man and exhumed another body from under the rubble after an alleged Syrian, Russian and/or Iranian attack on the village of Tarmala in the southern Idlib directorate on february 23, 2020. (Image posted by Southern.Directorate via Facebook)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4473

Incident date

February 23, 2020

Location

أبديتا, Abdita, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

One civilian, a man, was reported killed as the result of alleged Russian and/or Regime airstrikes and/or artillery shelling on the village of Abdita in the southern Idlib countryside in the afternoon of Sunday, February 23, 2020.

Regarding civilian harm, Bsklaa16, among others, reported that Marei al-Asaad Abu Ahmed, a man from the village of Abdita, died as a result of artillery shelling by regime forces targeting the village.

The television network Al Araby was the only source that reported injuries, stating that “the Syrian regime forces renewed, last night, missile and artillery shelling on most of the villages and towns of the southern countryside of Idlib. The bombing resulted in the killing of a civilian and the wounding of nine others in the village of Abdita.” However, since all other sources reported that those nine injuries were among other villages in Idlib it seems likely a translation error that attributed the injuries to Abdita – the Al Hadath news channel said that on Sunday, February 23 air and artillery shelling on the Idlib countryside killed one civilian and injured nine others. However, when talking specifically about civilian casualties in Abdita, Al Hadath only reported the death of one man, and no wounded.

Aside from civilian casualties, both Al Hadath and the Syrian Civil Defence reported that the attack on Abdita resulted in the destruction of residential neighborhoods.

Sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the strike, with the Syrian Network for Human Rights and EHSEM506 attributing the to Regime forces, while Al Hadat referred to the Russian Armed Forces as having carried out the strike. Shaam and the Ahrar al-Mayadeen News Network claimed that both Russian and Regime forces were involved in the attack, stating that “[t]he Russian and Assad occupation warplanes launched air raids amid artillery and missile shelling targeting multiple cities, towns and villages, including Abdita which led to the death of one civilian.”

The incident allegedly took place in the afternoon based on written reports and video evidence from @Bashar of smoke rising above Abdita during the attack. The exact local time of the incident is unknown.

The incident occured in the afternoon.

The victims were named as:

Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Bombing Abdita
  • One of the missiles that fell on Abdita

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]