Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS4305

Incident date

January 15, 2020

Location

معرة النعمان, Ma'arat Al Numan, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

On January 15th, 2020 several civilians were wounded in Maarat Numan following an alleged Russian bombing raid.

Shaam News reported only that many civilians were wounded in the bombing raid but did not announce any deaths or a specific number of wounded.

Local sources detailed the target as a residential neighborhood without military significance.

AlarabyTV and Civil Defense both detailed Russian warplanes carrying out the attack. @HadiAlabdallah added that vacuum missiles were used in the strikes.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4346

Incident date

January 22, 2020

Location

كفرناها, Kafar Naha, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

One civilian, an adult male, was wounded in an alleged Russian or regime airstrike in Kafar Naha, according to local sources on January 22nd 2020.

The White Helmets reported: “A person was injured as a result of the bombing of a factory in the town of Kafr Nanaha, in the western countryside of Aleppo. Our team assisted him to the hospital.”

A subsequent post by the White Helmets added that there have been raids “that targeted a building used as a petrol station”.

Local Coordination Committees of Syria named the victim as 35-year-old Mahmoud Al-Khader. The source said that a raid by a “warplane”.

There is some discrepancy around the timing of this incident. One local source said the airstrike happened at 08.36, but Local Coordination Committees of Syria indicated that this happened at 14.12. However, DW News reported that airstrikes have been targeting the area since the morning, noting that the regime and Russian forces struck more than 110 targets throughout the day and it is unclear whether this also continued into the afternoon.

The incident occured during the day.

The victims were named as:

35 years old male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of an airstrike on Kafar Naha, Jan 22nd (via White Helmets)
  • The aftermath of an airstrike on Kafar Naha, Jan 22nd (via White Helmets)
  • The aftermath of an airstrike on Kafar Naha, Jan 22nd (via White Helmets)
  • The aftermath of an airstrike on Kafar Naha, Jan 22nd (via White Helmets)
  • "The village of Kafr Naha in the western Aleppo countryside after a Russian raid."

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4376

Incident date

January 28, 2020

Location

خان السبل, Khan Al Subl, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Two Syrian Civil Defence volunteers were injured in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the town of Khan Al Subl, Idlib governorate, on January 28th, 2020, according to local sources.

SMART News Agency reported that the Syrian regime and Russia carried out air and artillery strikes on several cities and towns in Idlib governorate, among which Khan Al Subl.

Shaam News Network reported that two Syrian Civil Defence volunteers were wounded Russian airstrikes on the town. This was later confirmed by the Civil Defense, but no names or specific numbers were released.

The Baladi News Network reported that Khan Al Subl is among the densely populated villages specifically targeted by missiles and barrel bombs. According to the Syrian Civil Defense Response Coordination Team, these air strikes have led to the displacement of over ten thousand families.

Local sources along with Baladi News and the Syrian Civil Defense noted that the bombings were conducted by Russian warplanes.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4387

Incident date

January 30, 2020

Location

بلدات متعددة, Several towns, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Shaam Network reported that “Russian and Assad warplanes launched dozens of airstrikes targeting the areas of Ariha, Jisr al-Shughur, Saraqib, Kafrbikh, Ahsim and Nayrab in Idlib, Syria, on January 30th, 2020, causing civilian casualties.”

No further details are available at the moment.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4437

Incident date

February 11, 2020

Location

الاتارب , Al Atarib, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

At least two civilians, a man and a child, were killed and an elderly man was reportedly injured in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the town of Al Atarib, Aleppo governorate, on February 11th, 2020, according to local sources.

According to @HalabTodayTV, “a man and a child were killed when warplanes targeted their car with machine guns on the road to the city of Atarib”.  However, Smart News Agency reported that an elderly man was injured in the strikes.

The Violations Documentation Center provided data that a child was killed and nine others were injured in strikes on the city of Atarib, Urma al-Kubra town and Kafr Taal village without specifying how many of the casualties occurred in Al Atarib.

Activist Ahed al-Salibi, quoted by @muslim2day, also reported that “thousands of families are fleeing on foot towards the Syrian-Turkish border as a result of the violent Russian bombardment targeting the city of Atarib”.

Sources were conflicted as to whether the casualties resulted from Russian or regime attacks, with @baladinetwork reporting that “regime forces bombard with artillery and rocket launchers the city of Al-Atareb” while @jisrtv said that “warplanes of the Russian occupation bombard the city of Atarib”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Thousands of families are fleeing on foot towards the Syrian-Turkish border as a result of the violent Russian bombardment targeting the city of Atarib. (Image posted by @muslim2day)
  • Shelling of the city of Atarib with missiles. Coolness and safety, God willing.. 11, 2, 2020

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4469

Incident date

February 20, 2020

Location

قميناس , Qaminas, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Two media activists and several Turkish soldiers were wounded in an alleged Russian airstrike upon the village of Qaminas on February 20th.

A tweet from @alhariri58 announced the wounding of Ibrahim al-Darwish and Ahmed Rahal, with the latter posting “I am fine” on WhatsApp and tweeting that Russian aircraft dropped cluster missile shelling 4 meters away from him. @oabozayd noted that Qaminas is a Turkish observation point and that several Turkish soldiers were wounded in the attack. Edlib News, Alaraby, and Shaam News also reported the attack, with Shaam noting that Russia continues to demonstrate a “lack of distinction between civilian or military targets” and referred to the war as “a genocide in Northwest Syria”.

The two wounded media activists were covering the attacks upon a civilian area when they were injured. Sarya posted on Facebook that the media activists were affiliated with terrorist groups, possibly indicating their support of the opposition.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights stated that Russian fixed wing warplanes carried out the assault.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    No
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • One of the media activists injured in alleged Russian strikes on Qaminas on February 20, 2020. (Image posted by Jesr Press)
  • Alleged Russian strikes on Qaminas on February 20, 2020. (Image posted by @oabozayd)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    No
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4499

Incident date

March 2, 2020

Location

الفوعة, Al Fou’a, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to 11 civilians were killed, including at least one child, and 6 to more than 10 others, including a woman, were wounded as a result of alleged Russian airstrikes on residential neighborhoods in the town of Al Fu’ah, northeast of Idlib on the evening of March 2nd, 2020 according to local sources and news agencies.

Most of the sources initially reported the death of 9 civilians. However, some other sources such as SCD stated the day after the attack that the raids allegedly committed by Russian warplanes on Al Fu’ah killed 11 civilians. SCD added that the civil defense team spent three hours searching for the missing under the rubble and recovering their bodies. Two days after the attack Syrian Network for Human Rights documented the names of two of the victims killed but it is unclear if this was their final death toll. The lowest number of civilians killed provided by a source was six civilians reported by Shaam News.

Among the people killed, local sources mentioned the names of the child Muhammad Fadi Al-Hafyan who is originally from the city of Ma’arat Al Numan, young Amer, young Mohammed Abu Hudhaifa, and his father Abdo Abu Fayyad who were displaced from the city of Darayya and Abu Ali Qassem. SNHR documented only the names of the child Muhammad Fadi Al-Hafyan and Abdo Abu Fayyad. A tweet from @anasanas84 mentioned that the victims of the strikes were “displaced persons from the city of Damascus”.

Most of the sources said that many were wounded to varying degrees in the attack. SCD reported that 6, including a woman, were injured while Shahba press said that there were more than 10 civilians injured. Ambulances transported the wounded to medical points in the area.

SNHR mentioned that the airstrikes were on the victims’ place near a military site of a faction of the armed opposition in Al Fu’ah. A Syrian Journalist called Rami Mustafa reported that Russian warplanes attacked civilian homes in the center of the town with four air raids. On the other hand, one source called TN Network claimed that the airstrikes were on gatherings of militants inside the town of Al Fu’ah and the gunmen inside the town were on their way to the fronts of contact with the Syrian army.

The airstrikes caused great destruction and significant damage in residential neighborhoods in the town of Al Fu’ah according to local sources and pictures posted from the affected areas.

All the sources that reported on the incident claimed that Russia was responsible for the airstrikes.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Abdo Abu Fayyad عبدو أبو فياض
Adult male killed
Mohammed Abu Hudhaifa محمد أبو حذيفة
male killed

The victims were named as:

Age unknown male killed
Amer عامر
Age unknown killed
Abu Ali Qassem ابو علي قاسم
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 11
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–11
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (45) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (31) [ collapse]

  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers recovering victims after alleged Russian airstrikes on the town of Al Fou'a, Idlib governorate, on March 2nd, 2020 (via SCD).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers helping a presumbably injured man after alleged Russian airstrikes on the town of Al Fou'a, Idlib governorate, on March 2nd, 2020 (via SCD).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers searching the rubble after after alleged Russian airstrikes on the town of Al Fou'a, Idlib governorate, on March 2nd, 2020 (via SCD).
  • Abdo Abu Fayyad and his young son Mohammed Abu Hudhaifa, both killed in killed in strikes on Al Fou’a on March 2, 2020. (Image posted by Mohamed19801980 via Facebook)
  • One of the victims of strikes on Al Fou’a on March 2, 2020. (Image posted by Mohamed19801980 via Facebook)
  • Mohammed Abu Hudhaifa, killed along with his father in strikes on Al Fou’a on March 2, 2020. (Image posted by Mohamed19801980 via Facebook)
  • Abdo Abu Fayyad, killed along with his son in strikes on Al Fou’a on March 2, 2020. (Image posted by Abu Omar via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrike on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by GhoutaaGMC via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrike on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by GhoutaaGMC via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrike on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by GhoutaaGMC via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrike on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by GhoutaaGMC via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrike on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by GhoutaaGMC via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Shafak.med.56 via Facebook)
  • Airstrike on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Shafak.med.56 via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Shafak.med.56 via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Shafak.med.56 via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Shafak.med.56 via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Zaitun Media via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Zaitun Media via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Zaitun Media via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Zaitun Media via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Zaitun Media via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Zaitun Media via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Zaitun Media via Facebook)
  • Destruction caused by airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Zaitun Media via Facebook)
  • Rescue crews respond to airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Turke3s via Facebook)
  • Rescue crews respond to airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Turke3s via Facebook)
  • Rescue crews respond to airstrikes on Al Fou’a on March 3, 2020. (Image posted by Sada.media.foundation2 via Facebook)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 11
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–11
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (45) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3781

Incident date

June 9, 2019

Location

بزابور, Bazabour, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Six civilians, including four women and a child, were injured in alleged Russian or Syrian regime air or artillery strikes on the village of Bazabour, Idlib governorate, on June 9th, 2019, according to local sources.

@ShahbaPress reported that “six civilians, including a girl and four women, were wounded as a result of the Assad forces’ bombing of cluster missiles on the village of Bazabour in the southern countryside of Idlib.”

The Syrian Civil Defence in Idlib also reported: “Six civilians, including a child and four women, were wounded in the village of Bazabur, as a result of the bombing of two rockets loaded with cluster bombs targeting the outskirts of the village.”

According to Haseeb Deeb on Facebook, the sounds of the explosions were heard throughout the city of Idlib.

Nearly all sources pointed to the Syrian regime as the responsible belligerent, but Shaam News Network blamed Russia, writing that “Russian aircraft launched airstrikes in the middle of artillery and missile attacks” on several towns, including Bazabour.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Translation: “The sounds of explosions, which were heard throughout the city of Idlib and its countryside a short while ago, resulting from the bombing of the village of Bzabour, in Jabal Al Arbaeen, 9/6/2019” (via Haseeb Deeb).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes of the village of Bzabour, in Jabal Al Arbaeen, 9/6/2019” (via Haseeb Deeb).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (6) [ collapse]