Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS148

Incident date

November 14, 2015

Location

كفر حمرة, Kafr Hamra, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.252649, 37.079115 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to the Violations Documentation Center and The Syrian Network for Human Rights, five or six civilians were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike in Kafr Hamra.

SN4HR reported that Russian warplanes shelled the neighbourhood of Jamye’at Al Sabbath. Additionally, they stated that a tailoring factory belonging to the Syrian Organization of Human Care and Development in Kafr Humra was significantly damaged.

The VDC published three victims by names.

Mustafa Maher Boushnaq was additionally named but is the victim  listed killed in the alleged strike on Hraytan.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights named three additional victims.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Ahmad al-Badawi
Adult male killed
Hammou Al Kurdi
Adult male killed
Ibrahim Dibo Othman
Adult male killed
Moustafa Houssien Hilal
Adult male killed
Abu Deib Shawwa
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (6 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Image that depicts the shelling aftermath on the tailoring factory

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no details of its Syria airstrikes for the period November 13th-16th 2015 inclusive.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (6 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS149

Incident date

November 14, 2015

Location

باريشا, Barisha, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.164940, 36.635956 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that alleged Russian warplanes targeted the village of Barisa and the Abo Al Dohor area and reported losses, but did not provide any details. No further information is available at the present time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village Barisha (باريشا), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.164940, 36.635956. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has published no details of its Syria airstrikes for the period November 13th-16th 2015 inclusive.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS147

Incident date

November 14, 2015

Location

حريتان, Hraytan, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.287032, 37.08332 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One adult male a doctor – was reported killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Hraytan, according to the Violations Documentation Center.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights also stated that alleged Russian warplanes launched three rockets on the Asia Industrial Pharmaceutical Factory in the northern suburbs of Aleppo, which caused the fire of warehouses containing chemicals. However, they did not mention any casualties.

However, Shaam News blamed the attack on regime forces, noting that “the revolution has lost one of the cornerstones of its medical work, Dr Mustafa Maher Boushna, after his martyrdom today during clashes between rebels and regime forces on the front at Bashkoi in the countryside of Aleppo.”.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Warehouse fire at Hraytan, November 14th 2015 (via SN4HR)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    image of the victim Dr Mustafa Maher Boushnaq
  • Another image of the victim Dr Mustafa Maher Boushnaq

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Hraytan (حريتان), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.287032, 37.08332. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has published no details of its Syria airstrikes for the period November 13th-16th 2015 inclusive.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS146

Incident date

November 13, 2015

Location

خنيفيس, Khnefes, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.228611, 37.793611 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to the Violations Documentation Center and Al Qaryatayn, one adult male named was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Khnefes near Palmyra.

His Facebook martyr’s page noted: “We celebrate the life of the martyr Khaled Saleh Al Darweesh [Al Arabiya], Abou Sleiman, who died on Friday following the oppressive Russian planes raids on the area of Khnefes. We ask God to give him mercy and forgiveness.”

However, pro-Assad media reported that regime aircraft carried out an attack on “the fortifications and equipment of Daesh terrorists” at Knefes.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Khaled Saleh al-Darwish al-Arabiye
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The image of the adult man, Khaled Saleh al-Darwish al-Arabiye , who was killed

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village Khunayfis (خنيفيس), for which the generic coordinates are: 34.228611, 37.793611. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has published no details of its Syria airstrikes for the period November 13th-16th 2015 inclusive.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS145

Incident date

November 13, 2015

Location

كفر زيتة, Kafr Zita, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.37425, 36.6033 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Violations Documentation Centre reported that one adult male was killed as a result of alleged shelling by Russian warplanes.

Mr al Rajab’s status is contested, with some reports claiming he was an opposition fighter. The pro-regime site Hama News Network said he was a field commander with the FSA, for example.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Hasan Abdullah al-Rajab
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 1
  • (0–1 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Hasan Abdullah al-Rajab
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Hasan Abdullah al-Rajab

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Kafr Zita (كفر زيتة), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.37425, 36.6033. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has published no details of its Syria airstrikes for the period November 13th-16th 2015 inclusive.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 1
  • (0–1 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS143

Incident date

November 12, 2015

Location

بينين, Benin, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.711012, 36.640349 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to four non-combatants, including two children, were killed and 10 injured in alleged Russian nighttime airstrikes on Benin.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights stated that phosphorous weapons may have been used in two strikes, which burned 500m of agricultural land. Additional strikes then targeted an olive pressing facility and a bakery in Bayneen. Nine civilian cars were also allegedly burnt out, and six others damaged.

One of the founders of the Human Rights Office for Violations Documentation in Idlib province, a lawyer was killed. Mr Abu Rawad’s son and one of his nephews also died, despite receiving treatment for their injuries at a field hospital.

Shaam News Network reported that Abu Rawwaddevoted all his time to collecting and documenting violations by the Assad regime and his security forces.”

An activist from Al Zawiya mountain added: “Abu Rawwad was a beacon of light who worked day and night documenting the regime’s violations and visiting with us on a daily basis in our office… He often couldn’t afford the fuel for his motorcycle and he had a poor family with several children… But this did not prevent him from  working even for one moment thanks to his morals and his love for the revolution and the revolutionaries.”

The Syrian Network said this was the first time it had documented the alleged use of phosphorous bombs by Russian forces. Upon analysing the remnants of shells, it believed white phosphorous was used. According to the Network, no non-combatants were reported injured due to the use of phosphorous bombs, but three were killed as a result of the subsequent shelling of the olive pressing facility and the bakery.

Khaled Nour, a local resident and eyewitnesses told SN4HR: “The warplanes launched two airstrikes on Bayneen town. The rocket exploded in the air and I saw a group of fireballs. When it reached the ground, it caused a great fire. Then the Russian warplanes conducted another airstrike on a nearby region with four vacuum rockets which destroyed the olive presser and the bakery. The shelling injured dozens of individuals. We did not hear the sound of the rocket that dropped the phosphorus bombs but we heard the sound of the warplane and we saw the fireballs and very thick white smoke.”

Moustafa Ghareeb, a local activist who examined the shelled region told SN4HR: “I went to the first location and saw remnants from phosphorous shelling spread over a wide area. Almost 500 meters of agricultural lands were burned as well. The bombs left remnants of molten iron which became watery fluid due to the heat as well as the black viscous substance that smelled like sewage water. The residents in the region told me that a rocket targeted the olive presser where 15 cars were present next to it; all of which belonged to civilians since we are harvesting olives these days.

Then the warplanes targeted the people who escaped the shelling on the olive presser and it shelled the square where the cars had been parked. A few minutes later, it targeted a bakery with three rockets. I saw great and massive destruction to the oil presser, the bakery and the flour storage house. In addition to the human casualties, the shelling damaged the olive crops which the residents rely on to earn a living. I believe that Russian reconnaissance planes monitored car movements to and from the olive presser which made it a target for the warplanes. Russian warplanes not only kill us, they destroy our crops and livelihoods.”

Mohamad Thakara, head of a local civil defence team which went to the shelling location, told the Network: “When we arrived there, the grove was burning and we put [the fire] down. We also collected bomb remnants… Later, Russian warplanes targeted the region with rockets thought to be vacuum rockets and targeted the olive presser, the nearby square and the bakery. We pulled out victims’ bodies from under the rubble and transported injured people. During that time we were shelled again and two members of our team were injured, and our ambulance was damaged. I took my teammates, the rest of the injured people and the victims to the hospital. The shelling caused great destruction to the agricultural lands and civilians’ cars. The Russian warplanes conducted more than 9 airstrikes on a purely civilian region. They did not only target civilians but civil defense members as well”

Smart News published a video showing the alleged bombing, which it claimed killed four civilians, and injured 10.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Layth Mosleh Zraiq
Child male killed
Adnan Omar Zreiq
Adult male killed
Obada Adnan Omer Zraik
Child male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (2 children2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (10) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A victim of the alleged Russian raid on Bayneen, November 11th-12th (via SN4HR)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    an image that depicts the shelling aftermath due to thought to be Phosphorous bombs
  • Russian planes bomb the edges of the village of Bennin with phosphorice bombs.
  • A photograph showing the remnants of the bombing with bombs believed to be phosphorous on the town of Benin-Adlab.
  • an image that depicts the shelling aftermath due to thought to be Phosphorous bombs
  • Images that depict the shelling aftermath due to thought to be phosphorus bombs on Bayneen town:
  • An image that depicts the ambulance that was damaged in the shelling on Bennin
  • An image that depicts bombs believed to be Phosphorous due to the alleged Russian shelling on Benin town
  • the image of one of the victim
  • image of another two victims

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has reported carrying out strikes in Idlib governorate between November 11th-12th 2015.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (2 children2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS144

Incident date

November 12, 2015

Location

الغارية, Al Ghariya, Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

32.39332, 36.65067 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Seven non-combatants were reported killed – including one child and a woman – in alleged Russian (or possibly Syrian) airstrikes and Assad ground artillery attacks on Eastern Al Ghariya.

Shaam News reported that warplanes hit a school, noting that Assad’s forces also targeted the town with artillery shells following the raids. The Syrian Network blamed Assad regime aircraft, noting that “government warplanes shelled a civilians’ gathering next to one of the water wells in western Ghareya town.”

The Violations Documentation Center has named seven victims have been named, and they also listed an unidentified adult male, but the image is the same as the one used in the listing for Moeti Mohammad al-Zaeal. Additionally, VDC named another adult, male. He was listed under the name of another village, but in accompanying notes it says he was killed in East Ghariya.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Ali Mostafa al-Faleh Al Ghaneem
Adult male killed
Ahmad Mohammad al-Saraheen
Child male killed
Mahmoud Mohammad al-Saraheen
Adult male killed
Moeti Mohammad al-Zaeal
Adult male killed
Aisha Ismail Al Ghaneem
Age unknown female killed
Rifa’at Bahij Al Ghaneem
Adult male killed
Omer Ibraheem Ayyash
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (1 child1 woman5 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Ali mostafa al Gonaim
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Moeti Mohammad al-Zaeal

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Al Ghariya (الغارية), for which the generic coordinates are: 32.39332, 36.65067. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has reported carrying out strikes in Dara’a governorate between November 11th-12th 2015.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (1 child1 woman5 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Incident Code

RS142

Incident date

November 12, 2015

Location

كفر زيتة, Kafr Zita, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.37425, 36.6033 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian man was reported killed when Russian warplanes allegedly launched several airstrikes using vacuum missiles. The Union of Hama Rebels later claimed there were 15 Russian raids on the town that morning.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • The video posted by Union of the revolutionaries Hama: A tour of the eastern neighbourhood of Kfar Zeita and the destruction of the Russian bombing
  • the photo published by VDC for the victim (Moheeb Arafat) from Kafer Zita as result of the strike.
  • This is another photo of (Moheeb Arafat) however - However, who posted the image said he is a terrorist fighter

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has reported carrying out strikes in Hama governorate between November 11th-12th 2015.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]