Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS1615

Incident date

November 17, 2016

Location

كفربطنا, Kafr Batna, Eastern Ghouta, Damascuc, Syria

Geolocation

33.519286, 36.382427 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A number of civilians were killed and wounded in an airstrike on Kafr Batna, Eastern Ghouta, according to local media – though reports were conflicted as to which belligerent was responsible for the event.

Similar to most other sources reporting on this event, @kafrbatna2011 did not identify the warplanes responsible, they did however report that it was a guided missile: “the warplanes targeted the centre of the city of Kafr Batna by airstrike with a guided missile, resulting in a large number are wounded.”

LCCSY directly attributed responsibility for the event to Russia, stating that there were “13 martyrs in Damascus and its countryside, most of them killed in the Russian raids on Kafr Batna and Saqba.”

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights pointed out that both regime forces and Russian warplanes were operating around Eastern Ghouta that day [17th Nov]. However, they do point towards Russia being responsible for the incident in Kafr Batna: “The regime forces and warplanes shelled areas in the city of Douma in the Eastern Ghouta, which killed two persons including a child, and injured several others. Also the warplanes bombed areas in the city of Saqba and the towns of Hammuriyyeh and Kafr Batna in the Eastern Ghouta, which killed 4 persons and injured others in Saqba.”

Whilst the sources indicate a death toll of between four and 13, none of them attributed a death toll that is specific to the airstrike on Kafr Batna alone.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 13
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones”.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 13
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1910

Incident date

February 19, 2017

Location

تل ماعز , Tal Maez, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2019, 37.78645 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between three and 13 civilians died in an alleged Russian airstrike on Tal Maez, according to sources on the ground.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, “four civilians, including two children and a woman, died when suspected Russian warplanes missiles fired on Tal al Mo’ez village in Aleppo governorate eastern suburbs, February 19, 2017.”

On February 19th, LCCSY reported “13 martyrs from #Aleppo, [and that] most of them passed away in the Russian airstrikes on #Tal_Maez.”.

The Violations Documentation Centre listed three unidentified adult males as killed by “Russian troops”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 13
  • (2 children1 woman3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Martyrs' video: '@0’13” 10 Deir Hafer, unidentified people [in alleged Russian raids on Tal Maez]'

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 13
  • (2 children1 woman3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS409

Incident date

January 16, 2016

Location

برلهين, Berlheen, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.25381, 37.40072 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to Alaan TV, Russian raids killed eight civilians in Berlheen.

Halab News put the death toll higher, at 13, but did not identify the warplanes responsible.

LCCSY reported that 15 civilians died in strikes on Tal Maksour and Berlheen, but they did not say who was to blame.

Aleppo journalist Khaledaboalmjed said that 28 civilians died in tens of airstrikes on Berlheen, Tak Maksour, Tadeef, Qasr el Bureji, Um Shkeef and Al Bab in Aleppo’s eastern countryside.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its report for military actions on January 19 2016, the Kremlin reports carrying out strikes in Aleppo governorate: “In the course of the last four days, aircraft of the Russian air group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 157 combat sorties engaging 579 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure in the provinces of Aleppo, Raqqah, Latakia, Homs, Hama and Deir ez-Zor.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1935

Incident date

February 28, 2017

Location

حطلة, Hatla, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Geolocation

35.34169, 40.19897 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between 11 and 13 civilians were killed at a river crossing point in Hatla by alleged Russian aircraft, local sources reported. Other civilians were wounded but no specific numbers were reported. All sources blamed Russia for the raid.

Sources reported that women and children were included in the death toll.

There was not only destruction to the water crossing, but also to residential homes and buildings nearby.

It was not until a report on March 2nd by Euphrates, which confirmed the death toll had risen to 13. 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11 – 13
  • (0–1 children0–1 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between February 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11 – 13
  • (0–1 children0–1 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1616

Incident date

November 17, 2016

Location

سقبا, Saqba, Eastern Ghouta, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.519286, 36.382427 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Likely four, but up to 13 civilians were killed in airstrikes on Saqba, Eastern Ghouta, according to local media.

It remains unclear who was responsible for the raid, with conflicting reports. Some sources claimed that Russian warplanes were responsible, others attributed responsibility to the regime and some could not positively identify warplanes.

Most sources put the death toll for this event at four. Both the Syrian Network for Human Rights and the Saqba Coordinating Facebook Page, named the four killed:

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that the four civilians died when “government warplane missiles and artillery shells fired on Saqba city in Damascus suburbs”. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and Al Jazeera also corroborated claims that the regime were responsible for the incident.

The Al Jazeera correspondent stated that across the countryside of Damascus, dozens were wounded and killed “by artillery and air strikes in night raids by the Syrian regime forces in the Eastern Ghouta to Damascus.”

However, LCCSY who put the death toll for the raids across Kafr Batna and Saqba at 13, attributed responsibility to Russian warplanes.

Syria News also blamed Russian warplanes for the incident, reporting that the four killed was part of a “massacre of the night from Russia”.

Shahba Press reported that a woman was among those killed in Saqba, however, there are no other reports of this.

It is unknown how many were wounded in the event.

 

The incident occured during the night.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Mohammad Ajaj
Child male killed
Ahmed Al-Sheeh
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 13
  • (2–1 children1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • Translation: Injured civilians, including children, as a result of intensive air raids on the city of Saqba in the countryside of Damascus 2016/11/17.
  • Translation: A child was rescued by the Civil Defense after an air raid targeting neighborhoods in the city of Saqba.
  • Saqba - Civilians, including children, were injured as a result of air strikes, as well as civilians under the rubble.
  • Translation: Part of the work of the civil defense teams in the search for victims after air raids on residential neighborhoods in the city of Saqba, in the Eastern Ghouta.
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Mohammed Barakat was one of the civilians who died in an airstrike on Saqba, Eastern Ghouta. (Via: SaqbaCoordinating1234)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones”.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 13
  • (2–1 children1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1924

Incident date

February 25, 2017

Location

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Eleven named civilians were killed – including five children, a woman and two men – and dozens more were wounded in an alleged air and artillery strike on a market in Douma, according to reports from the ground. Sources were conflicted as to who was to blame. Many attributed the strikes to Russian missiles, while others reported the Syrian regime was responsible for ground artillery shelling.

Three of the children killed in the airstrike were siblings. One man was a blacksmith who worked in the market.

The strikes allegedly struck a popular market and residential neighbourhood with napalm bombs and missiles. Additionally, many sources reported that land-to-land missiles and artillery shells were used in the bombardment. Many of the shells resulted in a “severe blast” according to Shaam.

Additionally, sources such as Alsouria reported that eight raids occurred, each one carrying at least two missiles. 

Video footage showed huge fires in the immediate aftermath of the raid, with civilians being dragged from burning buildings. Douma Revolution reported that bodies were charred from the fires caused by the blast. 

Many wounded civilians were trapped under the rubble, and video footage showed the Syrian Civil Defence searching for the missing.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, some of the injuries were so severe that the death toll was expected to rise.

The incident occured at 15:00:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Adult killed
Child killed

Family members (4)

Child siblings killed
Child siblings killed
Child siblings killed
Adult female mother of the three siblings killed

The victims were named as:

Age unknown [Abu Adnan], blacksmith killed
Age unknown killed
Age unknown male [Abu Mahmoud], his body was charred killed
Child male killed
Child died of wounds on the 28th killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11 – 13
  • (5 children1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (28) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (18) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured man is rescued from the rubble in the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Qasioun)
  • The immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via SNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Fires are extinguished and children are taken from the rubble that once was their homes in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via ABoalhodahom)
  • The immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Safapc)
  • Civil defence go to find missing civilians in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Safapc)
  • Civil defence rescue civilians in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Safapc)
  • Civil defence rescue civilians in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Safapc)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Children who suffer from physical injuries and shock receive medial treatment in the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Douma medical)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Children who suffer from physical injuries and shock receive medial treatment in the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Douma medical)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Baby Abdullah al-Hanafi, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Omar Madaniah)
  • Civil defence rescue civilians in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Syria civil defence)
  • Civil defence rescue civilians in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Hadi Alabdullah)
  • Civil defence rescue civilians in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Hadi Alabdullah)
  • Civil defence rescue civilians in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Syrian Civil Defence)
  • Subhi al Hinnish, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Douma revolution)
  • Mohammad Al Dalati, whose body was charred, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Douma revolution)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Dead and injured civilians are taken from the scene in the immediate the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via SNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Qatar al Nada Issam al Rheibani, died on the 28th due to injures receieved on the 25th by an an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma, 25th Feb 2017. (via Douma revolution)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st – 31st 2017.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11 – 13
  • (5 children1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (28) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2681

Incident date

November 5, 2017

Location

معيزلية, Ma'izilya, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Geolocation

34.620672, 40.454355 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

As many as 13 civilians were killed, including a family of five, and others were injured, following airstrikes on Al-Rifai camp for displaced peoples in Ma’izilya. Sources were conflicted as to who was responsible, with most blaming Russia, however Syrian Network for Human rights was among a few who blamed the Syrian regime. Many sources also reported sighting “unknown military warplanes”.

Initial reporting suggested only three were killed including a mother and child, however it was later reported by Euphrates Post that the death toll had risen to 12. Most of the victims were named.

“Dozens” were allegedly wounded, however this remains unspecified. Bukamalna, however did name two injured victims.

On the 27th, Euphrates Post reported that another man had died due to his injuries sustained in the raid. Allegedly 11 members of his family were killed at the time of the strike.

The hospitals in the vicinity were – according to Smart News – reportedly out of service. Additionally, the wounded were in a serious condition therefore the number of victims was expected to rise.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Family members (7)

Child killed
Child killed
Child killed
Child killed
Child killed
Child killed

The victims were named as:

Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male rom the town of Al-Sayyal, died later due to wounds sustained killed
Ali Al-Hamad
Age unknown injured
The wife of Hussein Al - Hamad
Age unknown injured

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 13
  • (10 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime, Unknown

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 13
  • (10 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime, Unknown

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS957

Incident date

June 29, 2016

Location

الباب, Al-Bab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to 13 civilians died and as many as 20 more were wounded in alleged Russian airstrikes on Al Bab city, according to local media.

Many sources reported that at least seven were killed. Qasioun reported that “Seven civilians were killed and several injured Thursday morning [June 29th], as a result of air strikes on Al-Bab In the countryside-east of Aleppo”.

At the same time, Baladi Network tweeted that  the strikes led to “the death of 13 civilians and injury of 20 others”.

Six sources solely pointed to Russia; these were LCCSY, Syrian Network for Human Rights, Radio al-Kul, Smart News Agency, al-AMAWI, Halab News.

Seven of the victims were identified by name by Halab News Network and Halab News.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adnan Na’na’
Age unknown killed
Mohammad Hamam al Na’assan
Age unknown killed
Abu Abdallah al Hajjar
Age unknown killed
Nidal Mohammad al Hashem
Age unknown killed
Taha al Obeid
Age unknown killed
Misbakh Hamdo al Saleh
Age unknown killed
Rashed Shaheed al Shahabi
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 13
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Smoke rises following alleged airstrikes on Al Bab, June 29th (via @jisrtv)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between June 1st – 31st 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 13
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (20) [ collapse]